Explore
For Enterprise
Join for Free
Log In

Arts and Humanities
Business
Computer Science
Data Science
Information Technology
Health
Math and Logic
Personal Development
Physical Science and Engineering
Social Sciences
Language Learning
Degrees
Certificates

Explore all of Coursera

Browse
Search
For Enterprise
Log In
Join for Free

1.2.2 Cranial nerves

Loading...

Advanced Neurobiology I

Peking University

3.9 (269 ratings) | 29K Students Enrolled

Hello everyone! Welcome to advanced neurobiology! Neuroscience is a wonderful branch of science on how our brain perceives the external world, how our brain thinks, how our brain responds to the outside of the world, and how during disease or aging the neuronal connections deteriorate. We’re trying to understand the molecular, cellular nature and the circuitry arrangement of how nervous system works. Through this course, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of basic neuroanatomy, electral signal transduction, movement and several diseases in the nervous system. This advanced neurobiology course is composed of 2 parts (Advanced neurobiology I and Advanced neurobiology II, and the latter will be online later). They are related to each other on the content but separate on scoring and certification, so you can choose either or both. It’s recommended that you take them sequentially and it’s great if you’ve already acquired a basic understanding of biology. Thank you for joining us!

Reviews

3.9 (269 ratings)

5 stars
137 ratings
4 stars
57 ratings
3 stars
22 ratings
2 stars
21 ratings
1 star
32 ratings

SH

Dec 19, 2018

An informative site which provides bunch of information.

SB

Jul 27, 2018

This was a true challenge and magically eye opening!

From the lesson

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Let's start with a basic introduction of neuroanatomy.

1.2.1 Brain stem9:30

1.2.2 Cranial nerves13:47

1.2.3 Ascending and descending tracts and reticular formation2:47

1.2.5 Reflex and reflex arc3:46

1.2.6 Concepts in the CNS and PNS2:32

1.2.7 Spinal cord8:14

1.2.8 The visceral nervous system12:04

1.2.9 Several pathways of the nervous system5:27

Taught By

Yan Zhang
Professor
Yulong Li
Research Fellow

Transcript

And, from our brain stem, this region,

we have many cranial nerves,

starting from this brain stem region and

ends to control our face, our lungs, our tongues,

our eyes, and the muscle of our necks.

And then, these nerves include olfactory nerves,

optic nerves, oculomotor nerves,

trochlear nerves, trigeminal nerves.

Abducent nerve, facial nerve,

vestibulocochlear nerves,

glossopharyngeal nerves, and

vagus nerves, accessory nerves,

and hypoglossal nerve.

So, if we classify these cranial nerves into classifications,

we can see most of these nerves can be divided into either sensory nerve,

or motor nerve, or mixed nerves.

The sensory nerve consists of olfactory nerves which control our olfaction,

and optic nerves control our vision and visual information processing.

Also, our vestibulocochlear nerves which

possess our auditary informations.

And then, we have the motor nerves.

The motor nerves contains oculomotor nerve,

trochlear nerve, abducent nerve, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal nerve.

So, we can have mixed the nerve controls both sensory and motor activity.

So, both, so, this nerves contain both sensory and the motor fibers.

These nerves consist trigeminal nerves, facial nerves,

glossopharyngeal nerves, and the vagus nerve.

And, if we go through the each nerve and

the functional of each nerve to control one by one.

Why.

And, we can see the nerve number one, the olfactory nerve control.

Well, the location of cell body and

axon's category is the location of the cell body is olfactory cell.

And then, from the name, we can know that this nerve controls the function of smell.

And then, the second nerve, optical nerve, and

then the input of the optical nerve is our ganglion cells from our retina.

And then, of course, it controls the vision system.

And then, our vestibulocochlear nerve controls

two part, one is our vestibular ganglion and

then the other is our cochlear ganglions.

The vestibular ganglion send the information into this nerve,

and then, this part can control our balance and the movement.

Also, the sense of body itself.

The cochlear ganglion is sending the information

of the auditory inputs and then it control our hearing.

So, let's look at these nerves.

So, olfactory nerves, this is our epithelial

Cells of our olfactory mucosa.

It's right here in our nose region, behind our nose.

And then, the smell molecule or the chemical can induce our smell.

Combined into or combined with the receptors located in our

olfactory mucosa, right here, in our nose.

And then, the molecule, the smell molecule, can activate

the receptors at our epithelial cells here, and then,

can turn into the chemical signal into electronic signal, and

then, the electronic signal will send back to our brain for further process,

and then, the signal here goes through our olfactory bulb.

And then, get into our olfactory nerve, and then,

from olfactory nerve get into our brain region.

Optical nerve, optical nerve gets input information

from our ganglion cells and our retina, right here.

And then, the lateral geniculate body is the relay region for

our visual information in our brain.

And then, a vestibulocochlear nerve.

As we mentioned before, there are two parts of this nerve.

One receives input or information from our vestibular ganglions.

And then, this part control the feeling of balance,

movement and then the body precision.

And, the second part will get input or information from Cochlear ganglion.

And then, this part will control the hearing information.

So, one part is from the cochlear,

this turning part here is the cochlear.

And then, this part here is our vestibular system.

So, the motor nerves.

The motor nerve, we have several motor nerves and the one is

ocular motor nerves control the movement of our eye.

So, these other muscles can be controlled by these nerves.

And also, we have accessory nerves.

Accessory nerves can also control the movement of our eyeball and

the close part of our eye.

And, for the motor nerves, also,

we have trochlear nerves, and

trochlear nerves control the movement of our eye or facial.

Within this category,

we also have abducent nerves.

And then, abducent nerves also control our eye or facial movement.

And then, accessory nerve also control the movement of our neck muscle.

And then, the last one is hypoglossal nerves, and from the name we can know,

this nerve controlled movement of our tongue and the muscle of the tongue.

So, this is the oculomotor nerves.

So, there are several branches from this oculomotor nerves, and then,

the main function of this nerve is to control the movement of our eyeball.

So, this is the position of these oculomotor nerves, right here,

back to our eyeball.

Accessory nerve.

This is the position of our accessory.

This is from the back view of our head, and then, this is the position of

the accessory nerve, and then, this is the position of abducent nerve.

It's right here, this one, this yellow one here.

And, it also has branches to get into the neck muscle and eyeball muscle.

Hypoglossal nerve, so here,

this is a side view of our head.

The hypoglossal nerve is right here and it has several branches,

can control the movement of our chin and the movement of our tongue.

So, the mixed nerves and

the first mixed nerve is the trigeminal nerve.

There are several components, fibers or

branches, with this trigeminal nerves.

And then, this graph shows us the several

branches of our trigeminal nerve.

Basically, there are this red part and then the green part.

So, the red part can control, in this picture,

the red part nerve can control the movement or

the sensory input of this red region.

And then, the green part here can control the sensory or

movement of the green region right here.

Also, for mixed nerve, we have facial nerve, as the trigeminal nerve,

the facial nerve contains several parts or several fibers as well.

These are the fibers apart of the facial nerves.

So, this is our facial nerve.

So, the facial nerve contains three parts.

This red branch here, and then, this blue branch here, and

then, these yellow branches here.

So, this facial nerve can control the movement of our neck muscle,

of our tongue, the movement of our tongue and

our chin, also can control the movement of our

eye fissure here, the upper eye fissure.

Glossopharyngeal nerve, also has several branches or fibers.

Okay, there are three major fibers starting from the glossopharyngeal nerve.

One is this red part here, and then,

the yellow part here, and then, the red part, and then, the blue part here.

The blue part control the feelings,

sensory input of our neck muscle,

our tongue, our teeth,

and then, the red part here control the movement of our chin.

The yellow part control the secretion of our gland.

The vagus nerve.

So, here's the position of several nerves of our vagus nerve.

Several branches of our vagus nerve.

It's around our neck region, and then,

these several branches control the inputs from our neck and

also, from the feedback of our breathing

system and heartbeat system.

Explore our Catalog

Join for free and get personalized recommendations, updates and offers.

Coursera provides universal access to the world’s best education, partnering with top universities and organizations to offer courses online.

© 2019 Coursera Inc. All rights reserved.

Download on the App Store

Get it on Google Play

Coursera
About
Leadership
Careers
Catalog
Certificates
MasterTrack™ Certificates
Degrees
For Enterprise
For Government

Community
Learners
Partners
Developers
Beta Testers
Translators

Connect
Blog
Facebook
LinkedIn
Twitter
Instagram
YouTube
Tech Blog

More
Terms
Privacy
Help
Accessibility
Press
Contact
Directory
Affiliates