[music]. So, individual constraints. Perception constraints, bringing information in. Intellection constraints, how we think things through. Expression constraints is getting our ideas back out. And those are the basic ones. Well, actually there's two more that I want to talk about just briefly. So remember this study I talked about where people went into a room, they did a creative task, they came out, we measured their personality? We didn't measure, the, the researchers measured their personality in these five dimensions. Agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism conscientiousness and openness. And we thought that there was not very much correlation between those traits, those personality traits, and their creative output. And then we introduce the one called cognitive ability. Cognitive ability means that their IQ, how smart they are. And there we saw a lot more action, actually. And so it looks like you could be fairly neurotic, but if you're smart, you could overcome that. I mean, that's a good thing for some of us. Now, as they finish this experiment, they ask the people's, three more questions when they came out. So, the first one was, was how motivated are you? It turns out that people who are very motivated by the task. And they could manipulate motivation by paying people, like, if you do this creative task, I'll give $5, if you do a creative task I won't give you anything. So, how motivated were people to do it? Well, that's la-, larger than even IQ. So, it looks like if you're motivated, you could probably be pretty dumb and still get to a creative place. The next question I asked them is did you have the skills? We asked them to do this thing, how, had you thought about this before, did you have relevant skills? And then we gave them some instructions on how the could do this thing. Having relevant skills, huge. Again, far more creative output. And the third one, I think, is the most powerful. One of the other is R square to 0.6 is a high, very high correlation, very high correlation, was using a creative process. It's very astounding actually. So, now you could be dumb and neurotic and all those things and you could overcome them just by having a creative process. And so, what's the nature of that creative process? What is the kind of thing that it is that we can do to help us get to a new place? Well, it's pretty simple. You can generate a lot of ideas, you can choose the best one, and then you can do that one. So, when he has to do a task, generate a lot of ideas, choose the best one, and then do that one. If you think about it, what are the alternatives? What are the alternatives to generating a lot of ideas? We've talked about choosing the first idea you think of. You're not going to get to a new solution using old ways of solving problems. And so again, generate lots of ideas. Choosing the best one. You'd be surprised at how often people don't choose the best idea. They don't choose the best idea because they really haven't explored the space. What makes my idea a good idea? They may not choose the best idea because they're afraid, because they know that they've solved the problem this other way before, and if they solve it this way it may not work. Even though it's the best way, even though it may be that the boss likes a certain approach. And if you do it that way, you don't have to fight with the boss and so you may do that, and so it may be that you don't choose the best idea. And the third step was to do that one, to do the thing that you know to be the best idea. A lot of times, people don't push through, they don't push through the end, remember this idea of persistence? They may think of an idea, they may choose the best idea. Then they go along, then they sort of start second guessing themselves, wait a minute, maybe something's changed or maybe I'm too tired or they get bored or they stop working on it. And is the ones who go all the way through who actually make the thing happen by using, you know, in the end, by doing it are the ones who actually succeed at the creative output. So, again generate lots of ideas, choose the best one, and do that one. And, so, if you use that process in the context of the framework we've talked about for the individual. Bring information in, different problem solving methods, and expressing our ideas. We can do the generate ideas, choose the best one, and do that one. So, looking at the full picture now, we can see how these pieces fit together. And so, from a psychological view. That is, from the perspective of looking at a person. As a physcological individual, there, there's the, the ideas, the creative part, the beginning, the very source of innovation comes from the person. And so, if that is not working, if that doesn't work very well, it's over constrained, now we're not going to get to new places. And the constraints we talked about were perception, where we don't get good information, where we're always looking at the same place for information. We talked about the cognitive constraints, intellection, when we overuse a single problem solving strategy, where we don't have persistence. We talked about expression, where we can't record our, our, our ideas very well, we can't share them with other people. And then we talked a little bit about process and how important process is, generating ideas, assessing them to find the best one and then implementing. And we also talked maybe a little bit about motivation. And when people aren't motivated they're not likely to want to take risks. When you're highly motivated is when you're able to take risks and willing to do that. And so if you have apathy, if the problem is not interesting, and as managers, and some of you are managers, when you're a manager if you don't present the problem to people in interesting ways, they're not going to be motivated by it and they're not get to a new better solution. So, what I want to do, is say put the framework to use, for this week. And this week we're going to talk about the in, in the next video I'm going to talk a little bit about the project. So, if you put this framework to work, here's a couple of things I want you to do. There's an on line diagnostic and you'll see that in the website. So be sure to take that and, and there's going to be a little bit, I'm going to ask you to do some reflection on your individual constraints. There are a couple of readings in there. I hope you'll be able to see the correlation the, the correspondence between what's going on in the readings and what we've talked about, a reading on neuroscience and on flow and on how it is that the brain works in some ways that are written by people who are writing from a psychological prespective. And then keep thinking about what can I do to overcome the constraints in my context, in my environment. All right. Well, what I want to do is leave you with a link to two very uplifting videos about two individuals. One's called Cane's Arcade and if you are a YouTube consumer or a person who could, people send videos on the web, you may have seen this. And the second one's called Moving Windmills. I'm not going to tell you, tell you too much about these. One is about a, a little boy who built a, a game arcade and the second one is about a, a young man who built a windmill. And as you watch these videos, see if you can figure out how the framework applies in this case. See how it is that the things apply. How do they these individuals, how do they perceive? Where are they, where are they getting information from? And how they think about things? Like there's, there's a lot of, in their thought structure that you'll see. How do they think about things? And then how they express their ideas. Where is the expression of their ideas come from? And, how do they get better at that? And, how do they actually work in ways that allow them to put their ideas out in a way that other people can see them and say wow I can get behind that idea? And, so, again think about the role or the constraints perception, intellection, and expression as you watch this video and we will rejoin us rejoin you next week. Again, be sure to check for additional information and course updates in the website the website will have the latest of things. These videos that I'm lecture videos were, were recorded a little bit before the class went, and so there's additional information in the course website. See you next week.
