[MUSIC] Hi everybody, this video will provide you an introduction to the content of the convention and right of the child and the main state obligation pertaining to the implementation of this convention. Human rights can be classified for moving different paths. To give you some example, they could be classified on the base of the state's position in negative rights and positive rights. Negative rights are those rights that ask the state parties to do not interfere in the exercise of these rights. Positive rights, are those rights that requires to states party to undertake all the needed measures in order to allow to the right holder to fully exercise the rights attributed to him or her. They could also be classified from many historical point of view on generation. We speak about rights of first generation, the civil and political rights. We speak about rights of second generation, the economic, social, and cultural rights. We speak, as well about the rights of third generation, that are also defined as solidarity rights. Those are for example the right to peace. The rights to a clean environment or the other determination of people. Some of those rights of third generation have been already codified at international level. By the adoption of the international standards too. Other remain merely aspirational. We start, already, to speak about rights of fourth generation that are meant mainly to protect human beings towards the effect on the impact of the technologic evolution. Think about for example, the technological evolution pertaining to the genetic manipulation. Some of those rights have been already codified international level by that option of international standards. The human rights could also be classified on the base of their specialization. The specialization could refer to a specific thematic issue. For example, the convention against torture is a result of a thematic specialization. They could also be the result of a specialization on a specific, geographical area. For example, think about the convention related to human rights and adopted In Europe, in Latin America, in Africa, or in the Islamic country for example. They could also be specialized on the base of the group of people to each those human rights are dedicated. For example we speak about the convention on the elimination of discrimination as against women. We speak about the convention on the rights of migrant workers. We speak aswell about the convention on the rights of the child. The convention on the right of the child is the result of this procedure of specialization of human rights. It is dedicated to a specific group of people, those that goes from the age of 0 to the age of 18. And it was adopted by The General Assembly in November 1989. The convention on the rights of the child is the most widespread and commonly used international instruments for defining the human rights associated with the youngest generation of human beings. It provides the formal recognition of children as social actors through the full implementation of the participation principle contained in the article 12 of the convention on the right of the child. It is a code of conduct for both adults in general towards children and parents for parents towards their own children. It provides us well the minimum standard of child care protection and guardianship for guaranteeing full and correct child development. It provides as well a list of recognized specific and exclusive rights of the children in consideration of their peculiarity as a social and a legal subject. During this video, I will concentrate exclusively on the so called substantive articles of the convention on the right of the child. Those are the articles that go from article two to articles 41. In it we have the entire release of the rights recognized to children and the identification of the states obligation pertaining to the implementation of this convention. The rights included between the article two and the article 41 can be organised under three main categories. Universal human right, the specific rights and the rights recognized to specific category of children. Referring tho the first category, the universal human rights, this part of the convention contains the catalog of the rights of first and second generation. The civil and political rights and the economic, social and culture of rights. Referring to this Second category of rights included in this document, the so-called specific rights recognized to children. Those are for example the rights recognized to the child in order to do not separate them from their parents, or their rights in case of adoption, or the right for example to play. The third and last category of rights contained in this convention and the so called rights attributed to children. Belonging to specific Categories, specific groups. To give you some example, there we speak about refugee children in Article 22. We speak about children with some physical or psychological disability in Article 23. We speak about the right of children belonging to minorities. In article 30 and we speak about children involved in for example armed conflict in article 38. The final name of the convention on the right of the child was to recognize Sending sure that children not only had universal human rights but also range of exclusive and specific rights identified on the base of the peculiar characteristics of the child. There is no doubt about the fact that the CRC ,the Convention on Right of the Child, introduced a new approach and parameters in the field of childhood and adolescent standards. Furthermore, the adoption of these UN convection on the rights of the child in 1989 and answered also the debate on the State's obligations towards the implementation of these convection. So the committee on the rights of the child, following the approach of other UN committees such as, for example the UN Committee on Civil and Political Rights. Puts the rights stated in the Convention on the Right of the Child on the same level overcoming the classical distinction between the rights of first and second generation by saying that in order to implement the human rights of children state parties has three main level of obligation. Obligation to respect is the negative character of convention of the right of the child, state are required do not interfere with the exercise of this right. An obligation to fulfill, this is the positive character of the conventional growth of the child. On the base of this obligation now this is state in article 4.1 of the convention on the right of the child. States' parties are required to undertake or appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measure needed for the implementation of this convention. Third, the obligation to protect requires State's party to protect individual against certain interferences, perpetrated or operated by other private individuals, groups of people or associated activists. I thank you for the attention and I will see you in the next video. [MUSIC]
