[MUSIC] Hi. Today, we will talk about social robotics and human-robot interaction. What is social robotics? This is the field that makes research on the relationships between robots and human beings. Because not only in the present but, but, surely in the future we will need to interact really closely and more inconceivably with robots, all day. So it's necessary to create robots that are able to understand emotional signals that human beings are sending to the other interact, interactive entities. But at the same time, not only to capture emotions, but also to reproduce those emotions or to respond properly to the, to rec, to received emotions. So here you can see two very famous robots created by Cynthia Breazeal from MIT. This one at your, left side is Kismet and the second robot, one on on the right is called Leonardo. And both robots were able to create empathetic responses to dire emotional interactions with human beings. But not only extracting information from facial expressions, but also from voice signals for example. Very recently Cynthia Breazeal also been working on Gyro, a new kind of robot. A small robot that, which is able with a very minimal set of emotional signals like movements, more movement. And this big eye expression things to, to interact with human beings in an emotional way. But even when we look at science fiction, we can find sp, special robots like R2D2 who are able to express emotions even without using the natural language of human beings. I, I think you can remember this robot in some of our films using a gibberish speech touched with, with small tones. Like beep, beep, beep beep or bop, beep, beep. Just changing the, the pitch and the intensity of the, of the sound, of the sound. And even combining these with, with colors and intensities of colors is able to produce contents with meaningful human beings. But not, not of normal meaning, but of emotional meaning. Be careful, this is dangerous. I'm happy. I'm unhappy. I'm angry with you. So, it's able to, to communicate emotions even without the classic ways by which human beings are used to in their, in their daily talk life. But in this moment, there are some, research units of the world that are working on a, on full body gestures. Perhaps the best one is is placed, at Takanishi Lab Waseda University in, in Japan, it's the robot is called Kobian. And it's a, it's amazing this robot because he is able to express full body gestures changing the neck, position, the body inclination. Mm, all the face or bodily gestures the, eyes, lips, I don't know, it also includes the movement of the torso and even the, the, the, the hand and, and arms pressure. The truth is that at the same point that this researches are being performed, some, some robots, even the was the fastest one, like, like Asimo, made by Honda. Still programmed for recognizing, for example, emotions, and and, used, cla, very basic, communicative clues that are very, easy to understand for humans. But, but they are really difficult to understand, by robots. You here can see, a news communicated by the BBC. In which Asimo have problems to, to make gestures or communication as a museum guide, at the museum exposition. I, for example, I've been working even on human robot interaction in 2011. I, I stayed in Japan with a, a Japan, with a, fellowship of the Japan Society of the Promotion of Science. Trying to understand how humans encode emotions into, into robot, into robots, according to they, their internal idea about how is the nature of, of that robot. Just because that I think that that robot is stupid, I will act with it as if it were stupid. The same is happened if I were think that but, a robot is very smart. I think that it's the same that happened with people. You sometimes over estimate and sometimes over estimate people just because they have a special look or special, way of, of, of perform some activities. And then you change your idea of that, person, and in that, the case of a robot. Just because, of the real, action instead of, those things I do feel about before to know robot. And in my case, I was trying to demonstrate that you can, create, fake empathy towards, towards robots in human beings. Just asking to the people who, were, to be, interacting with those robots that those robots were smarter or not so smart. So as end remarks we need to think about the fact that robots are increasingly working close to human beings. Humans are really emotional and and expect emotional recognition. And look for several emotional clues when they are interacting with things and at the same time, we can train robots as fake human beings. The fact is that they are not human beings. They are designed to work at several, circumstances like human beings, at least anthropomorphic roles. And then, we, the human beings that we need to interact with, these robots are expecting some special kind of emotional, response. And they, those robots must be able to understand our, our, expression and to express at the same time the, the required answer. Just to make possible that the functional communication of our natural channels, our emotional, channels are respected. So thanks so much, and hope to see you in the next session, the last one of the course. Thank you so much, thanks, for being here. Bye.
