Adverb clauses of conditions. Let's talk about subordinating conjunctions of condition. A condition is a situation that a result depends on. For example, I hope the result of this course is that you'll learn a lot. What are the conditions that have to happen first? I could say if you study hard, you'll learn a lot or if you pay attention you'll learn a lot. If you take notes, you'll learn a lot. Those are conditions or situations that the result depends on. Here's a desired result from the party preparations video. Emily will be ready for the party. However, what conditions need to occur for this result to happen? We'll see many examples in this video. If is the most basic subordinater of condition. It means condition A is necessary for result B to happen. For example, if result B is that Emily will be ready for her party, what are some possible condition? A if Jake stays out of the kitchen, Emily will be ready. A is necessary for B to happen because Jake is taking too much of Emily's time, or if Jake leaves Emily will have time to get ready. Notice, the condition is in the if clause and the result is in the independent clause. In case and in the event that mean if by chance or in the chance that condition A happens. For example, in case Jake can help means if by chance, Jake can help or if on the small chance Jake can help. We know that Jake helping is something that probably won't happen, but if by chance it does Emily needs to keep her around. Here's another example, in case the guests are hungry, Emily should put out some snacks. This means if by chance the guests are hungry. Finally, in the event that the guests are hungry, Emily should put out some snacks. Here in the event that also means if by chance. The main difference is that in the event that is used more informal writing and is less common than in case. Unless means if condition A doesn't happen. It's like saying if not, for example, unless Jake leaves Emily won't be ready. Take if not and add it to the condition. So unless Jake leaves becomes if Jake does not leave. If Jake does not leave, Emily won't be ready. Here's another example. Unless a miracle happens, Emily won't be ready. This means if a miracle doesn't happen, Emily won't be ready. So just remember that unless means if not. Finally, even if and whether or not mean that result B will happen and condition A has no effect on that. For example, Emily will not be ready on time. This is an inevitable result. It's going to happen no matter what condition. It's just the way it is. Even if Jake leaves, this result is still going to happen. Jake leaving has no effect on the result. We can also say that Jake leaving doesn't matter. The result will still be the same. Another way to say this is whether or not Jake leaves, Emily will not be ready on time. Whether or not also means that this condition will have no effect on the result. Condition A doesn't matter with whether or not you can also put the or not at the end of the average class like this, whether Jake leaves or not, Emily will not be ready on time. Here's one more tip with whether or not I'm going to show you a mistake. Whether or not the food isn't ready, the guests will have a good time. Do you see a problem? It's this, there are two knots here in the same class. This is called a double negative. So be sure not to do this with whether or not just take away the second negative and now the sentence is correct. And remember you can also say whether the food is ready or not, the guests will have a good time. Here is a table with all the information from this video. You may want to pause to read it, to take notes or to take a picture. Here's one more note about conditional adverb clauses and verbs. Conditional sentences can talk about the past, present or future. And they can talk about actions that are real, or situations that are unreal, like imaginary or impossible situations. In this video you saw the future real conditional like this. If Jake stays out of the kitchen, Emily will be ready for the party. This talks about a result that could really happen in the future. It has a future verb in the independent class or maybe another modal word like might or cut and a present tense verb in the if clause, there's the present. However in the last week of this course, you're going to write a paragraph about a routine that you already have for habits and routines in conditional adverb clauses. We use the present real conditional. If I'm not too sleepy, I usually read for an hour. This is a real sentence about my current routine. So I use present tense for both of the verbs in both clauses. When you write about your routine, you're almost always going to use present tense verbs. Guess what? We have now discussed all of these types of adverb clauses. Yeah, now you're ready to practice. [MUSIC]
