Now I'll provide a second example of a specific type of surveillance system in addition to some of the earlier ones that we've discussed. Here we'll talk about the event-related surveillance system. Now the approach to an event-related surveillance system is not dissimilar from indicator based systems. One requires stakeholder consultations. One really needs to understand description of key details related to a specific event is important to have predefined objectives and goals of the surveillance system, and you still need to describe elements related to the surveillance cycle. The data collection, analysis, dissemination and action phases. Stakeholder consultation for a particular event that is going to happen includes; onsite healthcare,local health care, emergency medical services, event organizers, communications, and the purpose of these consultations is to estimate the local response capacity for laboratory diagnoses and emergency medical treatment. In some events including the Winter Olympics, there might be a lot of local capacity. In other events like music concerts, there may be far less capacity. One requires the preparation of triage and evacuation systems including emergency plans for identified hazards, but also really having preparedness and response plans in place for potential threats including bombs or bioterrorism, especially if it's a large-scale gathering of country governments from around the world. It's important to really have a solid understanding of the type of event. So understanding the risks and details on the expected attendees of the event, are these young people where you might be more worried about sexually transmitted infections or injuries? Are these older people that might be more at risk of heat-related or other weather-related events? Are there specific risk factors of people attending including potentially being immunocompromised because it is related to an event associated with HIV or leukemia? It's important to understand the length of the event, and where people will stay as one is developing this system. Where is it? Is it downtown in a large urban center? or is it In in a very rural setting? So understanding the proximity to health care setting, and how one can access healthcare in times of need. It's also important to understand what services will be available, and where those services will be available, and are those sufficient to deal with the anticipated hazards. So the objectives and goals should again feel familiar to you. It's asking the question, what type of surveillance is desired? What type of surveillance is needed? As it relates to infectious diseases considering gastrointestinal outbreaks, foodborne, waterborne, airborne, bioterrorism, respiratory including airborne and droplet borne transmission. Injuries that include both intentional and unintentional injuries, and unintentional injuries can be brought putting bites, stings, heat related abrasions, bioterrorism, and also even considering chronic disease. Surveillance systems and conditions including heart attacks or acute myocardial infarctions, strokes or cerebrovascular accidents among others. The surveillance cycle remains as relevant for an event related system as it does for an indicator based system. That is to say, where are you going to gather data? Is it on-site, is it in a local health care settings, is it through emergency medical services, is it on-site and local sales of medications, the types of tests that are being ordered. Really developing clear case definitions for items under surveillance, having a well-defined system for the collection, handling, analysis, interpretation, dissemination and action of that system. Will there be onset and arrival screening done, or will it just be monitoring. At what time intervals? Do you require dissemination to all stakeholders? So considering the same types of system related characteristics that have been talked about in earlier talks, which are really using the fast RSVP criteria. Also considering data-related characteristics that have also been talked about in earlier talks including representativeness, validity and reliability. Then finally consider how you're going to implement this system, how you will monitor this system, and how you really evaluate whether the system was efficient, and how one could improve upon it for the next event.
