[MUSIC] So, Tina in this module we're going to be talking about hospice framework. Can you tell me about German culture using hostage framework? What are the characteristics of German culture? >> So, in the class we will only be using the first four dimensions. So, individualism, power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty of audience. So, in terms of power distance, so Germany has a score of 35. So, rather low score and it's an example of how the framework can head but can also be a bit misleading because oftentimes you would think the Germans are very hierarchical. Because we have titles and and there is a bit more of a power distance than the score of 35 with Cigna. But in general overall there is the managers are coaches, they include the employees in decision making. There is a lot of unions, they have a strong say in decision making and companies. So, there are also examples that would show that. So, this is one of the things with the half shaded framework that the scores they won't tell you everything. It's not a perfect diagnostic but they can give you a hint and power distance is a tricky one for Germans. So, a lot of Americans perceive Germans as very hierarchical Individualism is also a high score. The score is 67 and indeed Germans are that the focus is on independent. So, parents put a lot of emphasis on kids being self reliant and one interesting example that shows that is that German children go to school from day one by themselves. So, parents before school starts at the age of six, parents train them to walk to school by themselves. So, usually we have neighborhood schools and then you practice the way even crossing the street. And so, it's very important for teaching the kids independence. Then they walk to school by themselves and it allows them after school then also to be independent to meet their friends, talk to their friends, and even spend the afternoon at home alone when your parents come home from work. Example for masculinity, masculinity is 66. So, it's also rather high competition is important in Germany. There's performance ranking in school and a good example that shows that is that we have different types of schools. So, not like Americans everybody can finish high school. In Germany kids got tested at the age of 16, after 10th grade, they get tested and only some kids can go through to high school, only the really strong intellectually gifted kids. And then there's even after fourth grade as a testing that selects kids into the track for high school and into attract for schools that end earlier. So, we have a lot of performance is very important and a lot of selection to make sure that the right type of person gets the right track of school. And then uncertainty avoidance is very high, it's 65. So, not extraordinarily high but rather high and that's very typical for Germany. So, a lot of Germans are they want to avoid uncertainty, that's why it's called uncertainty avoidance. So, they're always looking for experts. So, you only trust experts. So, at the university, a teacher has to be an expert in the field or if in your job if you get chosen to do a certain job, you have to be an expert for that job. So, it's very unlike in the US where you get hired showing the intention and a certain level of education, but then people give you always a chance to look if you can do the job very well. If you can't do it well, you might get fired but you don't have to prove your expertise before you start your job. And so, Germans expertise always a big thing. So, our former chancellor, she was a physicist and that's one of the things people trusted her because I thought she has a PhD in physics, she must be really smart. So, we trust her as a chancellor. >> So, it's not a perfect description of the culture but definitely discourse in this framework helped to have a broad vision that we can compare with other other countries. >> How about Venezuela? >> Yes well, it's an interesting contrast because Venezuela in some of the dimensions is very different. In part distance were actually rather high 81 score in part distance and it's because hierarchies are very common and accepted. You have hierarchies in Venezuela, pretty much in almost every domain in the family. There's a very strong hierarchy, the father is the head of the household then the kids or respect to the parents and grandparents are then above taking order, they are above the parents sometimes. And these are in many cases multigenerational households in which then grandparents are living with the family and then they have a strong say. We even had in the past when I was a kid, I had that we have this tradition that is similar to traditions that happened in other countries treating with the church. In which you kiss the ring of the Pope for instance is something that's still done if you're a catholic and you go to visit the Pope, you kiss the ring of the Pope. We used to kiss the ring of our grandparents. So, that's how hierarchical is in the family in terms of in the workplace, there is also elements of hierarchy. So, managers have high respect and authority can be a little bit more authoritarian in the political system is very common in Venezuela as it is in many Latin American countries. Is this idea of we're waiting for that great leader than in Latin America will refer to them as Cody Joe's. Is this benefactor that's we want to give him or her most cases him, there's been very few hers and that's going to collect to masculinity. But we want to give this leader the ultimate authority because this ultimate authority is going to really be great for the country. So, it's very much high power distance. But as opposed to Germany is very low in individualism, our score is only 12, it's a very collectivistic country. And as we talked in the past module, collectivism is something that describes Venezuelan culture interdependency, relationships at the family level, closing groups. So, that's pretty much what's ruling a lot of the decisions in society, you defer to authority. Sometimes you try to maximize in group goals instead of your personal goals. I always use the example that one of the things of collectivism is this idea of in group goals are very important. And I use the example of if I have two offers, one is in my city living close to my parents, but that job might not be the best one professionally but there is another one in a far away city living away from my parents. And that's the best professional development job, chances are that in Venezuela would take the one close to my parents because of the interdependency and the collective relationship with them. I used to say that when I left the country, I was kind of a bad collectivist because I left my parents behind but now my mom is living with me. So, eventually I really left not because it was a bad collectivism because leaving my country was a way of benefiting my group. And then my in group trying to provide more opportunities for my kids and also to have better means to help my family back home. So yes, that notion of collectivism. In terms of masculinity, it's also high 73 and I think in alliance with in many other Latin American countries we have this idea of machismo or the macho men. It's still very prevalent in Venezuela, it has changed in the last years and we were close to elect a woman as a president once upon a time. It was actually a miss universe that was miss Venezuela, she was the major of a county. She was about to win that when then we elected another guy that then created some problems. But definitely men have a strong say in the family, the man as the head of the household is something that's still very traditional. In uncertainty avoidance also our score it's relatively high 76 and I think in there we are similar to German culture, this idea of avoiding risk of wanting certainty. Although Latin America is very uncertain in terms of economic and political risks. Nonetheless, people want to have something secure. You don't try to jobs that you don't feel like you are very qualified to do. This idea of let's see if I can make it, no, you want to work on the things that you feel that you're confident you can do a good job. So, in that regard we're similar. >> Thanks.
