五，"是"字句，"是"字句的类型非常多 "是"字句的宾语既可以表示等同、 V. Sentence pattern of “shi”. There are many types of “shi”. The object of sentence pattern of “shi” can represents equivalent, 归类，也可以从某个方面对主语加以说明等 我们来看两个例子，第一例，一年是 365 天 classified relationship or description of subject in some way. Let us see some examples. Example one: “yi nian shi 365 tian” 这个"365 天"是什么呢？就是"是"的宾语，那么它表示什么呢？ What is the “365 tian”? the object of “shi”. What does it represent? 等同，它们是一样的，一年和 365 天是一样的，所以是等同关系 第二例，她是近视眼。 Equivalent. The “yi nian” is the same as “365 tian”. Therefore, they are equivalent relationship. Example two, “ta shi jin shi yan” (She is short-sighted). 这个"是"它的宾语是什么呢？"近视眼" 那么这个是表示什么呢？它的性质或者是 What is the object of “shi”? “jin shi yan”. What does it represent? Its nature or 某一个方面的情况，说明主语的特征或者是性质 A situation to state the characteristics or natures of subject 第三例，这儿是黄河的源头 Example three, “zhe er shi huang he de yuan tou.” (This is the source of the Yellow River). "是"是个动词，"黄河的源头"是个宾语，那么宾语说明什么呢？说明是处所 第四例，他是导演，我们是演员。 The “shi” is a verb. The “huang he de yuan tou” is an object. What does the object state? A place.
Example four, “ta shi dao yan, wo men shi yan yuan.” (He is the director. We are the actors) 这个"是" "是"的宾语"导演"，"是"的宾语"演员"，这个宾语说明什么呢？说明是职业 Pay attention to the “shi”
The object of the first “shi” is “dao yan” (director). The object of the second “shi” is “yan yuan” (actors). What does the object state? A professional. 除了这些基本用法以外，"是"呢还有一些特殊的用法 我们来看一下。 Except for these basic usages, there are some special usages of “shi”. Let have a look. （一）表示肯定 "主语+是+动词（短语）/形容词（短语）" (I) represent affirmation “Subject + shi + verb (phrase) /adjective/ (phrase)” 可以用来表示肯定，这种情况下呢，"是"要重读，这要注意 它的重读。 Can be used to represent affirmation. In this case, “shi” should be stressed. 我们看一下例子就比较清楚了 ①他是说过这句话！ Some examples make you clear. The first one, “ta shi shuo guo zhe ju hua!” (He did say this word!) 这个"是"前边有一个什么呢？这样的符号 这个符号就表示呢是重读的符号。 What is the thing before “shi”? This symbol. The symbol represents the stressed reading. 他'是说过 这话！这个就表示什么呢？肯定 “ta shi shuo guo zhe hua!” what does it represent? Affirmation 就是说说过这话是肯定的，是没有错的 第二例，今天'是很热！同样有一个 That is to say, the word is confirmative and right. Example two, “jin tian shi hen re!” (it is hot today) 重读这个动词"是"，"是很热"什么意思呢？表示肯定 肯定。 The verb of “shi” shall be stressed. What is the meaning of “shi hen re”? It represents confirmation. 第三例，这件衣服'是挺好看的！这个也有个重读符号 Example three, “zhe jian yi fu shi ting hao kan de!” There is also a stressed syllable 谓语动词"挺好看的"是强调，肯定这个好看是真的情况 是不是虚言。 The predicate verb "ting hao kan de” (looks good) is to emphasize. It is used to confirm that the “hao kan” is real. （二） 表示解释或者是说明原因 (II) to explain or state the reason "主语+是+动词（短语）/形容词（短语）" 也常用来解释或者说明什么呢？原因，这里注意 “subject+ shi+ verb (phrase)/ adjective (phrase)”
is also used to explain or state the reason. Pay attention to 解释或说明原因，那么这种情况 经常有，注意有上文 it. This happens frequently. Pay attention to the above 就是有一个前面说的话 那么"是"呢一般，注意，不重读，不要重读 It’s just one of the things that was said before and then “shi” generally, notice, no stress, no stress 读的一般就可以了，有时肯定句和 有的时候是一个肯定句加上一个否定句是对举 You can just read it in general. Sometimes it is the affirmative sentence and sometimes it’s an affirmative sentence with a negative sentence. It is a contrastive structure. 所谓对举就是同时出现，出现一个肯定句，然后这里出现一个 否定句，这就是对举的意思，我们看一下例子就比较清楚 The so-called contrastive structure means that a affirmative sentence and negative sentence appear at the same time. Let us see some examples. 看下例一，A 说，他怎么了？那么 B 回答 Example one, A said that “ta zen me le?” and B answered: 他是多喝了几杯酒，没事！ 这个"是"，这是什么意思呢？ “ta shi duo he le ji bei jiu, mei shi!” what is the meaning of “shi”? 多喝了几杯酒是说明原因，原因的 “duo he le ji bei jiu” is used to state the reason. 我们再看一下下面的例子，第二例，A：你今天又迟到了是什么原因？ Let us see the following examples. Example two: A : “ni jin tian you chi dao le shi shen me yuan yin?”( What's the reason you're late again today?) B 回答说，今天是没赶上第一班车 B answered that “jin tian shi mei gan shang di yi ban che.”( I missed the first bus today). 是没赶上第一班车，这个是什么？没赶上第一班车是什么？是原因 原因。 What is the “mei gan shang di yi ban che”? It is the reason. 第三例，A：妈妈怎么 这么早就睡了？B Example three, A: “ma ma zen me zhe me zao jiu shui le?” (Why did mother go to bed so early?) B 回答说，妈妈是累了 加上形容词，让她休息一会吧。 said that “ma ma shi lei le” (mother is tired) , an adjective is added here, “rang ta xiu xi yi hui er ba.”(let her have a rest). 就是说妈妈睡得很早的原因是什么呢？ 是累，就是用"是"这样的句子呢来说明原因。 What is the reason of “ma ma shui de hen zao” (mother went to bed early)? It is “lei”. The sentence of “shi” is used to state the reason. 我们看第四例 这个价钱是贵，不是便宜 Let us see the fourth example. “zhe ge jia ge shi gui, bu shi pian yi.” (This price is expensive, not cheap). 这是什么呢？进行什么呢，我们说的对比，对比 What is this for? Contrast 前面是肯定，后面是否定的，否定的情况 三，A It is confirmative in the beginning and negative in the end. III. A 是 A，A 是 A 前后两个成分相同 is A. A is A. These two components are the same A 呢可以是名词或者短语，动词或者短语，形容词或者短语等 The A can be a noun or phrase, a verb or a phrase, an adjective or a phrase, etc 这样的格式呢表达的意思很多，主要有以下几种 This format has many meanings, mainly including the following 我们来看一下，第一种表示让步，就是退一步说 A 这个时候得注意，A Let's see, the first one shows concession. Pay attention to A 呢多是动词或者是形容词 我们看一下例子就比较清楚了。 A is mostly a verb or an adjective. Let us see some examples to be clear. 第一例：电影票买是买了 买是买了，但是忘了放在哪儿了 Example one: “dian ying piao mai shi mai le, mai shi mai le, dan shi wang le famng zai na er le.” (I bought the movie tickets, but I forgot where I put them) 它的意思就相当于什么呢？电影票虽然是买是买了，但是忘了，这样的意思，所以是一种让步 退一步的。 What does it mean? I bought the movie tickets, but I forgot where I put them. It’s a concession 第二例：这么做好是好，就是太贵，太费劲儿了。 Example two: “zhe me zuo hao shi hao, jiu shi tai gui, tai fei jin er le.” (It’s good to do it this way, but it’s too expensive and too hard). 那么同样的，好是好，这是形容词 买是买，动词，形容词，那么这个呢 Likewise, “hao shi hao” is an adjective. “mai shi mai” is a verb. They all are 也是表示让步，它的意思是，虽然好是好 就是呢太费劲儿了。 Concessions. Its meaning is that it’s good to do it this way, but it’s too expensive and too hard. 第三例跟这个第二例是差不多，我们就不细说了 2. The third example is similar to the second, but we won’t talk about details of it. 2. 表示界限分明，不含混 A 呢多为名词、 There are many words that represent well-defined boundaries without A are noun, 代词，这个比较多 可以是名词，可以是代词，数词 pronoun. They can be noun, pronoun or numeral 一般的情况下是，注意，两个"A 是 In general, please notice that two “A” are A"对举 也就是说有两个句子，一个句子不太行，表示一种比较、 contrastive structures. There is a comparison between them. 对比的意思 我们来看一下第一个例子，这孩子写的字，点是点 Let us see the first example. “zhe hai zi xie de zi, dian shi dian, 横是横，这是一个"A 是 A" "A 是 Heng shi heng”. This is a sentence pattern of “ A shi A”. A"，两个放在一起，进行一个比较，非常清楚 点是点，横是横，是什么呢？界限很清楚，写得清清楚楚 When these two things are compared, it is clear.
What does the “dian shi dian, heng shi heng” mean? It refers to well-defined boundary. 第二例：你是你，我是我，我们没有关系！ 你是你，我是我，"你"呢是代词 Example two: “ni shi ni, wo shi wo, wo men mei you guan xi!” (we have no relationship). The “ni” is a pronoun "我"也是代词，那么它的意思就是说我们两个没有关系，咱们的界限是很清楚的，很分明的-，是这样的意思 The “wo” is also a pronoun. This sentence means that we have no relationship. Our boundary is well-defined. 第三例：一是一，二是二，是多少就是多少。 Example three: “yi shi yi, er shi er, shuo duo shao jiu shi duo shao.” 这个"一是一" "二是二"，"一""二"都是什么呢？都是我们前面说的数词 它的意思就是说呢，我们 What does it mean? They are numerals mentioned above. It means that we 要说清楚，不要那么含混不清，一是一，二是二 是多少就是多少。 must be clear, don’t be so vague. “yi shi yi, er shi er, shuo duo shao jiu shi duo shao.” 就是这样一种特殊的用法，表示呢界限分明 不含混。 it is a special expression that represents well-defined boundary. 3. 3. 肯定主语就是宾语所代表的那一类 那么"是"前一般要用"就"。 Affirm that the subject is the type of object. The “jiu” shall be added before “shi” 这个用法，我们看一下例子就比较清楚 年轻人就是年轻人！"年轻人"属于"年轻人"这一类的 As for this expression, let us see some examples to be clear.
“nian qing ren jiu shi nian qing ren!” The “nian qing ren” belongs to the type of young people. 所以呢前面用个"就"。 Therefore, a “jiu” is added before it. 去了就是去了 没去就是没去，要说真话！去了就是去了，因为"去了"就是属于"去了"的这一类 “qu le jiu shi qu le’
“mei qu jiu shi mei qu, yao shuo zhen hua!” (Please be honest for whether you have gone or not) "没去"就是属于"没去"的一类，所以前面都有"就" 第三：热就是热，不热就是不热，别瞎说！ There is a “jiu” as well.
Example three: “re jiu shi re, bu re jiu shi bu re, bie xia shuo!” (don't talk nonsense about the temperature!) 就是说这个是一样的用法，不热就是不热，别瞎说！ It has the same usage with the above. “bu re jiu shi bu re, bie xia shuo!” （四) (IV) 表示无例外，就是口语中，"是"用在名词的前面，表示呢 When a “shi” is used before a noun, it represents 没有例外，意思相当于什么呢？"凡是"。 no exceptions. What does it mean? “fan shi” 我们看一下例子 这个是车就上，这个"是车"是什么意思呢？ Let us see some examples. “zhe ge shi che jiu shang.” What does the “shi che” mean? 它不是一个判断，它是表示呢，凡是车，只要是车的意思 就上去。 It is not a judgement. It means that get on it as long as it’s a car. 第二例：是人都知道这么做不对 所谓的"是人"不是说他是个人的意思，而是说"凡是人" Example two: “shi ren dou zhi dao zhe me zuo bu dui.” The so-called “shi ren” does not mean one person. 就是说所有的人的意思，所以强调呢全部 都知道这么做是不对的。 It means everyone. Therefore, it is used to stress that everyone knows that is wrong. 第三例：是学生都会做这道题 这个是"是学生"不是说"我是学生你是老师"这样的意思 Example three: “shi xue sheng dou hui zuo zhe dao ti.” The “shi xue sheng” does not mean that you are student and I am a teacher. 它是"凡是学生"，就是只要是学生，就是任何学生都会做这道题的意思 （五）"是"用在"时候" It means that any student can answer this question.
(V) “shi” is used before “shi hou” "地方"的前面，"是"用在"时候"或者"地方"的前面，表示什么呢？ and “di fang” What does it represent when “shi” is used before “shi hou” and “di fang” 它表示的意思是什么？"合适"或者是"正好" 这样的意思。 What the meaning of it? “he shi” or “zheng hao” (appropriate) 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚了，第一例：你来得 真是时候，我们一起吃吧！ Let us see some examples to be clear. Example one: “ni lai de zhen shi shi hou, wo men yi qi chi fan ba!” (You’ve come at a good time. Let’s eat together!) 也就是说，"你来得真是时候"什么意思呢？你来得这个时间是太合适了 太合适了。 “ni lai de zhen shi shi hou” means that you’ve come at an appropriate time. 第二例：你们坐的真不是地方！ 这个是有否定，"地方" Example two: “ni men zuo de zhen bu shi di fang!” there is a negation. 什么不是地方，你坐的地方太不合适，"是地方"就是很合适的地方 The place you are sitting in is out of place. “shi di fang” means the appropriate place. "不是地方"就是这个地方不合适，所以是这样的意思 “bu shi di fang” means the inappropriate place.
