本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。 According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.
课时7：形容词重叠式
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From the course by Peking University
现代汉语核心语法
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From the lesson
第一讲 名 词、动词和形容词
第一讲主要包括以下语法点：（1）名词的类别和作用；（2）名词与“们”及处所词、方位词；（3）动词的类别和作用；（4）动词的重叠；（5）离合词和能愿动词；（6）形容词的类别和作用；（7）形容词的重叠式。
Meet the Instructors
Defeng YangProfessor
School of Chinese as a Second Language
二，形容词重叠式。 II. Repetition pattern of adjectives
（一） 形容词重叠式，重叠的方式。 (I) Repetition pattern of adjectives, ways of repetition
一，单音节形容词 单音节形容词重叠式是 AA，那么 A 呢代表形容词，叫一个音节 I. monosyllabic adjectives the repetition pattern of monosyllabic adjectives is AA. A represents an adjective and is called a syllable.
AA 的第二个音节一般读轻声，口语中呢 常儿化，我们来看一下例子："好"是一个形容词 The second syllable of AA is often neutral-tone word. It is retroflex suffixation in oral Chinese. Let us see some examples: “Hao (Good)” is an adjective
所以它的重叠式是什么呢？"好好儿"变成了第一声，注意啊第一声 What is its repetition pattern? “Hao Hao Er” turns into the first voice. Pay attention, the first voice
"慢"是一个形容词，它的重叠式是什么呢？"慢慢儿" “Man (slow)” is an adjective. What is its repetition pattern? “Man Man Er”
啊这个也是变成了第一声，后面有儿化啊都有儿化 "好-好好儿"、 This also turns into the first voice. There is retroflex suffixation here. “Hao-Hao Hao Er (very good)”,
"慢-慢慢儿"双音节形容词 双音节形容词的重叠式一般是 “Man-Man Man Er (slowly)” double syllable adjective the repetition pattern of double syllable adjective is
AABB，那么 AB 代表形容词的两个音节 第二个音节呢一般轻读，我们来看一下例子啊 AABB in general AB represents two syllables of adjectives. The second syllable is read gently as usual. Let us see some examples.
"热闹"它的重叠式是 ne "热热闹闹" The repetition pattern of “Re Nao (jollification)” is “Re Re Nao Nao”
"热热闹闹"所以呢，这个轻读了 “Re Re Nao Nao” is read gently here.
第二"干净"也是形容词，重叠式是什么呢？"干干净净"这个
The second “Gan Jing (clean)” is also an adjective. What is its competition pattern? “Gan Gan Jing Jing”, right?
轻读，"干干净净"轻读了第二个音节 三，状态形容词。 Read gently, the second syllable of “Gan Gan Jing Jing” is read gently III. State adjectives
状态形容词的重叠式是 ABAB The repetition pattern of state adjectives is ABAB
我们来看一下例子就比较清楚："雪白" Let us have a look at some examples to make it clear: “Xue Bai (white)”
是一个状态形容词，它的重叠式是什么呢？"雪白雪白"
is a state adjective. What is its repetition pattern? “Xue Bai Xue Bai”
"通红"它的重叠式是什么呢？"通红通红"；"冰凉" What is the repetition pattern of “Tong Hong (red)”? “Tong Hong Tong Hong”; “Bing Liang (cold)”
是"冰凉冰凉" （二）形容词重叠情况 is “Bing Liang Bing Liang” (II) adjective repetition
汉语的形容词有的可以重叠，有的不能重叠 （1）能重叠的一般是常用的性质形容词 Some adjectives of Chinese words can be repeated, some can be not. (1) Adjectives which can be repeated are nature adjectives
或口语形容词，那么书面形容词呢一般不能重叠，我们来看一下例子 or oral adjectives in general. Written adjectives shall not be repeated as usual. Let us have a look at some examples.
"长"我们可以说"长长"，"漂亮"可以说 "漂漂亮亮"；那么"坚强"我们就不能说"坚坚强强"
“Chang(long)” can be called as “Chang Chang”, and “Piao Liang (beautiful)” can be called as
“Piao Piao Liang Liang”; while “Jian Qiang (strong)” shall not be called as “Jiang Jiang Qiang Qiang”
"伟大"也不能说"伟伟大大"，为什么呢？就是"伟大"、 "坚强"啊是一种书面语 And “Wei Da (great)” shall not be called as “Wei Wei Da Da”. Why? because “Wei Da” and “Jian Qiang” are written language
"漂亮"、 "长"那么口语中常用的所以可以 “Piao Liang” and “Chang” are usual in oral Chinese. Hence, it is okay.
（2）非谓形容词呢都不能重叠，就是不能 作谓语的形容词啊都不能重叠。 (2) Non-predicate adjectives shall not be repeated. That is to say, the adjectives which shall not be used as predicates are not permitted to be repeated in Chinese.
比如说"男"我们不能说"男男"，"女"也不能说"女女" 那"黑白"也不可以说"黑黑白白"，"彩色"呢不能说"彩彩色色"
Such as”Nan (male)” shall not be called as “Nan Nan”, so does “Nv (female)”
“Hei Bai (white-black)” shall not be called as “Hei Hei Bai Bai”, as well as “Cai Se (color)”
这个要注意一下它的条件。 It depends on circumstance.
（三） 形容词重叠式的语法意义。 (III) Grammar meaning of adjective repetition
一 形容词重叠式的基本语法意义是表示呢，程度深就是程度很高的意思 I the basic grammar meaning of adjective repetition refer to deep degree.
我们来看一些例子：①慢慢吃，别着急 Let me show you some examples: ①eat slowly, take it easy
慢慢吃的意思就是很慢，有很慢的意思；第②呢，衣服洗得干干净净的 “Eat slowly” refers to “very slow”; what about the example②, clothes are washed to be clean (Gan Gan Jing Jing).
那干干净净就是意思有点儿像呗，接近于很干净，所以呢表示的程度啊 程度深，或是高的意思 The “Gan Gan Jing Jing” means that clothes are close to cleanness. Therefore, it refers to deep degree.
二，形容词重叠式作定语啊表示程度适中 有时呢带有喜爱的色彩。 II. Adjective repetition used as attributes refers to appropriate degree. It represents love sometimes.
所谓适中就是比较合适，我们来看一下例子啊 This so-called appropriate degree refers to suitable degree. Let us see some examples.
例①那孩子长长的头发，圆圆的脸 长得像个洋娃娃。 Example①with long hair and round face, the child looks like a doll.
"长长"是一个重叠式，它做头发的定语 圆圆的脸，"圆圆"是重叠式做脸的定语。 “Chang Chang (long)” is a repetition pattern and is used as the attribute of hair. Round face, “Yuan Yuan (round)” is a repetition pattern and is used as the attribute of face.
那么这个"长长"、 "圆圆" 有程度深的意思，但是呢是比较合适 These two “Chang Chang” and “Yuan Yuan” mean deep degree, but appropriate.
不是太长，也不是太圆，也就说长很长但是合适，圆呢是很圆也是很合适的意思 It is not too long and not too round. Although they are long and round, they are appropriate.
第②例，你女儿高高的个儿 大大的眼睛，挺好看的。 Example②, your daughter has very tall figure and very big eyes, so beautiful.
这个"高高"的 个儿，"高高"做个儿的定语，"大大"做眼睛的定语 The “Gao Gao (very tall)” is the attribute of figure. “Da Da (very big)” is the attribute of eyes.
那么"高高"呢有很高的意思，但是呢有很合适的意思 "大大"呢是很大的意思，但是也有很合适的意思
The “Gao Gao” means very tall, but appropriate
The “Da Da” means very big, but appropriate
所以呢，我们说这是它的和前面是不一样的地方 （四）形容词重叠式的作用 Thus, this is the difference. (IV) Role of adjective repetition pattern
形容词重叠式可以做状语、 定语、 补语和谓语 一，做状语。 Adjective repetition pattern can be used as adverbial modifier, attribute, complement and predicate I. used as adverbial modifier
我们来看一下例子：例①，慢慢说 这个"慢慢"是个重叠式，在这儿呢做说的状语 Let us see some examples: example① speak slowly the ”Man Man (slowly)” is a repetition pattern and is used as the adverbial modifier of “speak”
例②，大家高高兴兴的玩了起来，"高高兴兴"也是一个重叠式 高兴的重叠式，所以呢在这儿也是做状语
Example②, everyone plays happily. “Gao Gao Xing Xing (happy)” is a repetition pattern
The repetition pattern of “Gao Xing”, it is used as a adverbial modifier here.
二，作定语 作定语是形容词重叠式的基本作用，但是呢作定语时要带"的" II. used as attributes the basic role of adjective repetition pattern is to be used as attributes. However, it is added with “De” when it is used as attributes.
这个条件啊一定要注意，作定语的时候应该带"的" Pay attention to this condition. Add “De” when it is used as attribute
我们看例①，她儿子大大的眼睛 圆圆的脸，挺可爱的。 Let us turn to example ①, her son has big eyes and round face, so cute.
所以有"的" 第②个，小伙子浓浓的眉毛，高高的鼻子 挺帅的。 There is added “De”. Example②, this guy has heavy eyebrows and high bridge, so handsome.
所以呢都有"的"，要注意这个条件 三，做补语。 There is also added “De”. Pay attention to this condition III. Used as complement
形容词重叠式 可以放在"得"后做补语，注意这个条件是放在"得" Adjective repetition pattern can be placed after “De” to be the complement. Focus on the condition, place after “De”
做补语，但是呢要带上"的"，带上这个"的"，两个的是不一样的，一个是这个「得」，一- 个是这个「的」
to make it be the complement, these two “De” is different.
我们看一下例子就比较清楚：①儿子的脸晒得红红的。 Some examples here to make you clear: ① my son’s face kissed by the sunshine is getting red.
后面有一个，"红红"呢做 "得"的放在后面做补语。 “Hong Hong (red)” is placed after “De” to serve as the complement.
例②，她把衣服洗得干干净净的 这个"得"后面用干干净净的，也是做补语啊做补语 Example②, she washed clothes very clean. The “Gan Gan Jing Jing (very clean)” here is placed after “De” to serve as the complement.
四，作谓语 形容词重叠式带"的"可以作谓语，注意这个条件 IV. used as predicate adjective repetition pattern with “De” can be used as predicates, pay attention to this condition
要带上"的"作谓语。 with “De” to be predicates
例① 姐姐的头发长长的，有个"的" Example① my sister has long (Chang Chang De) hair.There is a “De”
"长长"是做谓语，来说明姐姐的头发的 看起来很漂亮。 “Chang Chang (long)” is used as the predicate to describe the long hair of my sister. It is pretty.
例②，教室干干净净的 不用打扫了，这个干干净净带上"的"以后 Example②, the classroom is very clean. No more sweep. This “Gan Gan Jing Jing (very clean)” is added with “De”
来说明这个主语教室的，所以呢"干干净净的"也是做谓语 to describe the subject, the classroom. Therefore, “Gan Gan Jing Jing De” is also used as the predicate here.
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