In this lecture we'll start off talking about polymers, and we'll go from fundamental concepts to synthesis and micro structure. What is a polymer? Let's break the name down as it is, Poly, many, mer, units. So, we're going to have many units. If I look at polyethylene, I have a repeat unit that's very common, carbon, hydrogen and this is my mer. So polyethylene, okay. And actually the milk jug is high density polyethylene. We can do PVC here, a repeat unit, okay. We just replaced one of the hydrogen with chlorine, polyvinyl chloride, PVC. And then polypropylene okay, here's our repeat unit, okay. So the mer is just a repeating thing. Why did we use polymers? Polymers came on the scene, really made an impact after or just before during world war II. Why did it do so? It's lightweight, has a low module for elasticity when compared to your metals and ceramics hits, you can process it at lower temperatures and lower effort. But it has a low strength, typically they're ductile yeah, we'll find some that are brittle where we have a lot of cross linking. And again, you can process at low temperature because of the low glass transition temperatures in or melting temperature. You can engineer them to being reinforced, where they're talking about the body on this corvette is a polymer composite, as well as many parts of the airplane. And then here for a hip replacement, we have ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Their natural polymers, human skin, trees, as well as rubber, natural rubber. So, polymers are all around us, okay. One of the things you will have to do, is be able to classify polymers. So, we'll be pedestrians and walk our way through this, but you should make yourself familiar with various types of polymers, okay. So we have the two branches, natural okay like trees, natural rubber, synthetic man made. We'll have one D thermoplastics, okay, and then we have 3D. He said, or cross linked polymers, as well as adhesives and coatings. We go from Wendy, we'll have our amorphous polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and poly carbonate. Poly carbonate, typically your glasses, football helmets. Polystyrene, the little inexpensive plastic hard dinnerware, poly methyl methacrylate, plexiglass, okay. And then, those amorphous will come down, semi crystalline that we have an oriented polyethylene, nylon, polypropylene, oriented fibers mean we're going to pull them and process them such that they have a preferred orientation. Polyethylene, fiber sales, nylon fishing lines, polypropylene, rock climbing rope. Now, cross linked elastomers, meaning rubber. We can have lightly cross link rubber bands, moderately cross link tire, car tires, and then moderately cross link rubber shoes. The more cross linking the harder of the material stronger is but it loses some of that elasticity. And then we have heavily crosslink thermal sets baked likes and epoxy, okay. So this is epoxy fiberglass canoe, bake light is like your billiard balls or the countertops we've had in our chemistry labs. But again, go through this map, make sure you are familiar with the various classification of polymers and make sure you have at least an idea of each one of these under your head. Now, when it often we talk about polymers, we think about recycling. In some cases we recycle, other cases we repurpose. And how do we decide, what can I recycle or do I repurpose? Well, it depends whether you have a thermal plastic or thermal set. Thermal plastic, think of it like ice. I can take ice, heat it up. And I can cool it down, okay, give isom. I some heat got a little cube, I can turning into water. And then I can heat it back up, I mean cool it back down two ice again. So, thermal plastic I heat up and cool down heat up many times. Thermal set, think of the old egg. I am an old egg, I'm going to give it a little heat and then we have fire, okay. Now if I cool it back down, it does not go back to the nice salt egg, okay. So when a thermal said once you heat it up or set it, it's done. So, these do not lend themselves as readily to recycling, typically you want to repurpose these, okay. So what does that mean, if I have automobile tires, they're heavily cross linked elastomers, so they are thermal set difficult to recycle. However, I can repurpose those one example. Cut them up and, use a another polymer epoxy to put them together. Now you got to play outdoor playground flooring that is, it's duct, ductile and has good toughness and it's safe. Whereas we could say,, say that the PVC thermoplastic, we could just recycle it as much as we can. Okay, so thermal plastic egg, thermal set. I mean, excuse me, thermal plastic ice, thermal set. Egg. So let's take a moment for incorrect in this example, we're looking at the old recycling bin and see where we're going to put things. Okay. We've already said, we know we got a steering axle gilman. We gave an example of polypropylene. There's low density, the inexpensive,, grocery bag. A lot of people will say they're not recyclable. They're difficult to recycle because they have a very low melting temperature. So, another example where it should repurpose. Okay, so we've got a low density, high density poly pro, poly ethylene. Okay, so the only one we haven't had an example thus far. And PVC is always easy. So that would lend us down to the last one. The pet, that's the only one we really hadn't discussed. Okay, so again, we should have an idea of various polymers. The high density probably ethylene for the milk jug, low density polyethylene for the grocery bag pet for a water bottle because it has good toughness PVC chemical resistance. Probably. , the polypropylene, good strength and polystyrene, inexpensive, good drink wear.