[NOISE] [SOUND] Hi, I'm Andy Green. The Internet of Things or "IOT". It seems like everyone's talking about it, but what exactly is it? Well, it seems that locking down a definition isn't very easy. As lots of people have different ideas about what exactly it is, what it does, and what it means for everyone. For our purposes, we're going to describe the IOT as a network of separate, but uniquely identified devices, that sometimes have the ability to talk with each other without requiring human to human interaction, or human to computer interaction. Some of these devices you may be familiar with in your everyday life. Things like FitBits, Apple Watches, mobile telephones, so-called smart TVs, home thermostats, appliances like refrigerators. These are all IOT devices that you are probably familiar with. However, there are other devices that you may not think about or even know exist. For example, things like so-called smart grid devices for monitoring electricity consumption. Machine-to-machine communication in industrial environments, building automation, automobile collision in avoidance/detection systems, open source computing devices like Raspberry Pis or Beagle Bones. Even health care related devices like pacemakers or insulin pumps, or even driverless vehicles. [SOUND] In some situation these devices can network together to achieve a desired goal over a larger area, like an assembly line or smart grid devices. While in other situations, these devices network together in a much tighter, smaller proximity to achieve a goal. Like for example, your Apple Watch communicating with your iPhone. [SOUND] To put the scope of IOT into some kind of perspective, let's look at some numbers. In 2008, we saw the number of connected devices surpass the world population of approximately 6.7 billion people. In 2015, approximately 1.4 billion smart phones were shipped by manufacturers globally. By 2020, it's predicted that we will have 6.1 billion smart phone users. World population is expected to be 7.7 billion at that time. By 2020, it's also anticipated that we will see 50 billion things connected to the internet. And by 2027, it's expected that we will see 27 billion machine to machine connections in the industrial sector. Let's stop and think about that and think about the data being generated by these things. Once again, to help you wrap your mind around this, here's some numbers for you to consider. In 2013, devices connected to the internet generated 3.1 zettabytes of data. In 2014 that number jumped to 8.6 zettabytes. In 2018 that number is expected to soar to 400 zettabytes. So you're probably asking yourself, what exactly is a zettabyte? Technically speaking, it's one trillion gigabytes. Now I don't know about you, but I have a hard time wrapping my head around a number that large. So think about it this way. According to Cisco, one zettabyte would be the equivalent of 36,000 years of high definition television video [SOUND]. Or the equivalent of streaming the entire Netflix catalog 3,177 times and that's just one zettabyte. Remember the 2018 estimate was 400 zettabytes. Obviously, that's a lot of data. And let's stop to consider just some of the types of data that can be served up by an IOT device. [SOUND] For example, your location. Who you communicate with, both voice and text. When you communicate and for how long you communicate. Details about your health like blood pressure, heart rate so forth and so on. Utility usage, your driving history and behavior, production details relative to your company. When you enter or leave a building, and the list goes on and on. [SOUND] Now let's think about the security of these devices, as well as the data they may transmit. History has shown us that the device manufacturers, for the most part, don't consider security when building their products. In most cases, little to no thought is given to how data is transmitted. Where it's sent to, or if the device leaks data other than what it was intended to transmit. End users also share blame on the security front as well. Frequently, end users fail to do simple things like changing the default passwords that ship on devices, leaving them exposed. Additionally, end users frequently fail to properly segment the network in order to accommodate devices that need to access the internet directly. Also, end users fail to consider the data they are sharing with these devices and the possible ramifications of sharing that data with others. For example, studies have shown that homeowner presence or absence can be predicted simply by predicting and monitoring electricity usage. As we've shown, the IOT is an exciting area to explore but it's not without its challenges. Only by considering all of the benefits and drawbacks can we make an informed decision about how, when, and where to use or not use IOT devices. [SOUND] [NOISE]
