Today, let's learn some expressions related to science ethics. In the news, the doctor said "I don't think it's possible for artificial intelligence to judge a situation like this even if its technology is refined.". In this context, artificial intelligence refers to a computer system that has the intelligence to learn by itself, to think by themselves, and to make decisions. We'll find out more about the system that appears here in the following sentence. "The car's operating system puts the driver's safety first." The system was used as an engineering term which means an assembly of different parts, a structure. The car's operating system means a set of components that move and adjust a motor vehicle. Let's take examples. A collection of components that is used to listen to the audio system, music, or sounds. Unmanned security system that prevents crimes using cameras or computers without people to secure safety. Disaster prevention system that prevents fire. Like these examples, the system was used as an engineering term which means an assembly of different parts. By the way, the term, system is frequently used in other fields besides in engineering field. For example, it is sometimes used as a "collection or structure of the components to achieve certain goals" in the field of sales, administration, management, and education like sales system, administration system, management system, and educational system. Let's look at the following sentence. "The artificial intelligence was used to follow the rules programmed by human." "It is programmed to focus on human safety." "The problem is that there are countless circumstances that are difficult to program in our society." Like these, there's been a lot of 'programming' in the news. Programming is a task of entering commands to a computer. Thus, you can understand that the above sentences mean that the artificial intelligence was made to follow the rules entered by human, a command to focus on human safety was put, and there are countless situations that are difficult for human to enter a commands or rules. Shall we take a look at the next sentence? "We need to assume various circumstances that need value judgements and program it with the best and most ethical judgement after accumulating social agreement. Technical development is welcomed but enough consultation about scientific ethic should be held beforehand." As you know, you need to be good at moral judgment to determine what is right when you program an artificial intelligence. Before programming, we need to put together the values that we believe are right and ethics people must adhere to. Let's connect this to value judgment, ethical judgment, social agreenent, and science ethics. Value judgment is to follow and choose the values what we think is right and ethical judgment is to follow the ethics people must adhere to. It can be said that we have reached social consensus if we agree to certain values and ethics socially not personally. As human duties and ethics often be neglected for the sake of development of scientific technology, the thing people have to protect as human beings in the field of science, i.e., discussions, debates, or consentaneous agreement regarding science ethics are needed. Today, we have learned the expressions related to the scientific technologies such as ‘인공지능(AI)’, ‘시스템(system)’, and ‘프로그래밍(programming)’; and expressions related to the science ethics such as ‘가치 판단(value judgment)’, ‘윤리적 판단(ethical judgment),’ ‘사회적 합의(social consensus),’ and ‘과학 윤리(science ethics).’ We think robots are programmed according to human thoughts and wills. However, when it comes to the perspective of the AI in self-driving, which is more important between the safety of a ‘driver’ and the safety of a ‘walker'? Does Artificial Intelligent can judge the value? And can we reach a social consensus of that? As such, there are various discussions on ethical issues that may affect to society. Why don’t you present your opinions about it in Korean? This is the end of the class. 안녕히 계세요.
