Hi everyone. In this video, let's take a look at human anatomy. Actually human anatomy is a very extensive subject. It would justify an entire course just to talk a little bit about this topic, but actually this does not prevent us to have a good view of anatomy in just a couple of minutes. So, we need to understand that there's an underlying structure in our bodies comprised of bones and muscles. Bones gives us the structure and muscles make this structure move. So, let's take a look at the bone structure. The bone structure actually is where our articulations are placed. We need to understand very well the types of articulation such as the ellipsoid on the base of the skull, the ball and socket on the shoulders, the hinged joint at the elbows, plumber joints at the spine. So, there's a lot of different types of articulation for us to understand in order to make our characters move realistically. Okay? So, let's take a look at the different types of articulation and what each one of them do to move our body. So, let's take a look for example at the head articulation. So, we have an ellipsoid type of articulation at the base of our skull that allows us to move our head freely by twisting, moving up and down, and side to side. Okay? So, this type of articulation allows a lot of freedom of movement. Now let's take a look at another type of articulation which is called the hinge joint, which is found in our elbows. It allows us to flex and extend our arms but only in a single direction. We can find the same type of articulation in our knee. We can flex and extend our legs but we can only move in one axis. Okay? Now, this type of articulations they are important because they limit our movement but they give also strength to our limbs. Let's take a look at another one that gives us slightly more freedom. The wrist articulation is what we call a saddle kind of articulation, because it also allows us to flex and extend, but it also allows us to move a little bit to right and left. So, you have a little more freedom of movement with the saddle joints kind of articulation. Okay? Now, let's take a look at another type of articulation which gives us a lot more freedom of movement. This one is called a ball and socket, which can be found at our shoulder joint. Okay? So, it's basically the ball of the humerus bone getting in touch with a socket at our scapula. So, we have a lot of freedom of movement in this type of articulation. Let's take a look at the movements we have available. We have flexion and extension. We have what we call the adduction, which is bringing the limb closer to your body and abduction, which is moving it away from the body. We have rotation, medial and lateral. Medial being bringing your arm closer to the body by rotation and laterally moving away from the body. We have a circumduction, which is basically moving your arm freely in a circular movement. Okay. So, this is a type of articulation also found in our hipbone and it gives us a lot of freedom of movement. So, of course, this is just a basic overview of the types of articulations we have in our body. I suggest that you take a look at some anatomy for artists books, because they are great for understanding anatomy without getting too deep into more intricate aspects of anatomy. So let's recap a little bit the types of articulation we can use in our characters. We have the plane joint, which only moves by slightly rotating and sliding on top of each other. So, it's found in our spine. We have the saddle joint which found in our wrists and our fingers on the hand and feet. We have, what we call the hinge joint, which basically is found in our elbows and knees, and it moves only in a single plane by flexing and extending our limbs. We have the pivot joint, which makes for example, a twist in our wrist by sliding the radius bone on top of the ulnar bone. So, it basically pivots around a fixed point. Okay. We have also the ball and socket joint found in our shoulders and in our hipbone. It allows us a lot of freedom of movement. Also the ellipsoid joint, which allows a lot of movement and can be found at the base of our skull. So, study these types of articulation and how you can use them in your character to have a realistic movement, okay. Also, study anatomy as much as you can because it's very important for character creation. So, thank you so much for watching this video and I see you all in the next one.
