[MUSIC] The first design principle that we're going to talk about is hierarchy, and that's because that principle is the most important. In fact, we use hierarchy to visually explain what is the most important thing about a project. Through hierarchy, we make some visual elements more important than others. And these visual elements that are more important are called dominants. Now dominants in any visual compositions are very important because this is basically the first thing that we see, and is also the thing that we remember the most. By using dominance in architecture, we help people understand their project, and orientate. Let's illustrate how visual hierarchy works on a simple, everyday life example. How would you, for example, explain or describe really quickly this building to somebody, maybe asking directions on the street? I am sure that all of you have chosen to describe this building as a red house with a big, white porch. The reason behind this is that house is a very strong visual hierarchy. Visual hierarchy is what our brain needs to simplify what we see. That is why if, as architects, we don't provide our users visual hierarchy, they will end up disoriented and probably not being able to understand the space around them. Now let's see how do we actually create visual hierarchy in our visual compositions. The way we make some visual elements more important visually than others is by making them basically bigger or different than others. Let me just illustrate, for example, if we make this kind of composition really quickly. Then obviously, the element that is bigger than others is going to be a dominant element in our composition. But also we can make elements more important by other ways, for example, making them different. If we take this element, then this red element will, in a way, compete for dominance with the big element, because it has a very starkly different color, but also it has very complex shapes. Usually, the complex shapes are automatically becoming more dominant, because our eye spends more time looking at them. Finally, there's a third way to make some objects important, which is basically by changing the position or rotation. In this case, we have this element over here, that is positioned apart from the other ones, and the fact that this element is alone on its own will make it more dominant than the other ones, almost regardless of its size. As a conclusion, there are two basic ways to make elements more important. The size or difference and having some dominant elements with more a complex shape or a different, or very strong color is always a good way to improve their dominance. Most important things though that you need to know about the hierarchy is that, as this is the most important design principle, you should start thinking about hierarchy even before you actually start sketching the space. Because in order establish a good hierarchy first, you need to know what's the idea about your project. You need to really clearly know what the focus of your project is, and only then, you can try to use this visual hierarchy to visually communicate that. But if you're not completely sure yourself what are the most important things of the project, there is no visual intervention that will help, and there is no way that other people would be able to understand that. [MUSIC]