[MUSIC] I love definitions. You have seen throughout the MOOC. I propose definition. What is to think? What is to deduce? What is a model? What is deduction? What is a vision, a scenario? What is a concept? I love definition. And to define is an, one of the favorite exercises of a philosopher, definitions. I also love this sentence. It comes from Albert Camus. And a good challenge for us, not to add anything to the misfortune of the world. So we need definitions and, with a smile, immediately a question. We need a definition of what is a definition. No reason to escape my own rule. So let's propose this one. Let's propose this one. Easy, not too difficult to understand. A definition is a bit like a property line. With a good definition you know what's in, what's out. What is included, what is excluded. It's useful. It's useful and maybe it's a good exercise to achieve, to try to develop better definitions. And how to know whether a definition is good? Let's use criteria. Here, I have a list of five. You can have more. And there is one, not one way to offer definition. You have many different way. But those criteria can help, can help. Like, not too, not too narrow. Not too narrow. Not too wide. Not too wide. If I ask you to define a kitchen, if you tell me, well, that's where we cook. Okay cook is good, but where is too wide, no? It's place in the house where, in the apartment, where we can have some kind of cooking. So We should have positive definitions. If I ask you, what's a bachelor? If you propose as a definition, somebody who is not married. Probably not a good way to define. It has to be neutral. Of course, if I ask you to define cocaine or marijuana. You could say things like, not good for this, dangerous for that. Not easy, but probably a positive definition is necessary. And last, but not least. It's even not the last, but avoid circularity. If I ask you what's a mailbox? And if you tell me it's a box where you could put mail. It is circularity. It, it's not that good. So, definitions is probably, it must be an obsession to avoid or at least not to add anything to the misfortune of the, of the companies. And, let's have two good examples. I'd like to talk about essence and value. Those words are use constantly. Essence, essence, value, good values. Let's have definitions for both of them. Let's start with essence. What is the essence of something? We have to go back to the way the mind works. In the brain everything is connected. Everything is connected. Any single piece of information of knowledge is connected to others. For example, if I tell you Sweden, the country. You connect Sweden with Ingmar Bergman the movie maker with Stockholm or probably with Norway, because it's the neighbor. And then, with the Nobel Prize and then with etc. That's the way the minds, the memory, is organized. And to have a definition of the essence. We have to remember what I just said. Sweden is concrete. It's a country. It's real. But, the same happens for abstract, for concepts. And let's take as an example, bike. What do you connect bike with? Probably I don't know, with wheels and also sports and maybe travel, and maybe Tour de France. At least in this country with okay, you can connect bike with many, many different things. Now imagine you travel around the world. You travel around the world, and you always have the same exercise, given the connections of bike. You go to China, to Peru, to Africa, it's so. And probably everywhere, you will have connection with wheels, probably. It means wheel, or wheels, are part of the essence of the bike. If you go everywhere, at the end, you can reach the essence. And it's a way to propose a definition of the essence. The essence of something is what we, you can not remove from this thing without losing it. If you remove wheels you can not have a bike. So you see this is a way to, to show how you can reach the essence. The wheel is part of the essence of the bike. And you can have this exercise with a, with your company. What's the essence of a company? It's what you cannot remove without losing the company. It's a beautiful exercise. The other word I'd like to define is value. [COUGH]. Again, it's a word used very often, very often. Value this, we have to, we should build on the values. The best value. It's a. What is value? What. As a first definition, let me propose this one. A value is the ID you have that something should, the ID that you have that something should. It's very short. But it's already a good starting point because. Yes, It looks like there are no absolute values. You're saying it should. I can't disagree with you. And indeed, there are no absolute values. And, maybe some values are absolute. Most of the value are not absolute. It's a good way to propose a definition, at least for the value. But, let's try a most. Of these more sophisticated ones. You can see the difference between two things. If you take the bike again. The bike makes sense because you can save energy, you can, I don't know, you can enjoy, you can do. It makes sense. It makes sense. But the value of a bike is not the same for you, for me, for others. Why? Because there are no absolute values. On the subject side, you and me. We don't talk about sounds, we talk about meaning. Meaning. And it's a more sophisticated definition, but I like it. The value of something is the meaning, the meaning, you assign to the sense of an object. What. This is just a definition. You take good dictionary, you can find. Fantastic example of this beautiful exercise of definitions. It's just a story. I, I really like it. It's a tourist that goes and travel and visits Oxford in, in in England. And he visits. He see the college. [COUGH] The library. And different buildings. And after one hour he asked the guy, hey but where is the university. It's a good joke, but it helps us to remember the words need definitions.
