11 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -1 - generalities

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From the course by École des Ponts ParisTech

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

82 ratings

École des Ponts ParisTech

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

82 ratings

During the four coming weeks, best experts in bitumen will bring you their knowledge and experience to build a strong understanding of today’s realities and new perspectives on the future of bitumen. Total is the European leader on bitumen markets. Innovation has always been the key to sustainability and durability in the products they develop. Their main objective here is to share technical knowledge and experience to insure bitumen are being used in the most effective and efficient ways for their different applications in road works. Ecole des Ponts, France oldest engineering school, remains very much in the present, as it has always been, in training engineers in order to meet the needs of our society and citizens in key areas such as transport housing and urban services, but also in fields like energy, environment, climate sciences, land-use planning and sustainable development. Nineteen world recognized experts on bitumen are contributing to this MOOC. The idea is to provide the broadest prism on this topic area with speakers coming from research, industry and end users.

From the lesson

Constitution, structure and characterization of bitumen - specifications-rheology

Schematic constitution and structure of bitumen, relationship between structure and rheology | Performance tests | Bitumen 3 states | Penetration test EN 1426 & Softening Point EN 142 | viscosity measurement EN 12596, EN 12595, Explanation of breaking point Fraass measurement EN 12593 | testing Binder after RTFOT, after RTFOT and PAV | Euopean specifications and process of revision | Viscosity based standards (ASTM D3381 | Deformation and flow. Elasticity, plasticity, visoc-elasticity. Newtonian, Non-Newtonian behaviour. Stress-strain response, shear modulus and phase angle. | Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) | Superpave specifications.

10 - Composition of bitumen8:07

11 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -1 - generalities6:12

12 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -2 - Penetrability & Softening Point7:06

13 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -3 - viscosity & breaking point Fraass6:57

14 - road-construction bitumens characteristics -4 - ageing12:25

15 - Bituminous product standards /Understanding European specifications and process for revision10:01

16 - Viscosity based standards (ASTM D3381)5:17

17 - Rheology of bitumens6:17

18 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -5- Bending Beam Rheometer and Dynamic shear Rheometer and MSCRT7:43

19 - Superpave bitumen Specifications4:30

20 - Global view of bitumen products standards and development3:07

Meet the Instructors

Eric GOSSE
Vice Président
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Armel de la BOURDONNAYE
Directeur
ECOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH
Sophie LIMBORG
Mission Head
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Mike SOUTHERN
Director
Bituconsult LTD
Clémence QUEFFELEC
Assistant professor
CEISAM laboratory, University of Nantes, France
Gilles GAUTHIER
Technical and Product development manager
TOTAL BITUMEN
Olivier GAMET
Production Pilot
Supply department / TOTAL
John D'ANGELO
Chief Operating Officer
D’Angelo Consulting, LLC.
Gary SCHOFIELD
Technical Manager
Total Bitumen (UK)
Nicolas HAUTIERE
Project Director
IFSTTAR / COSYS Department
Frédéric ANDRZEJEWSKI
Expert bitumen industrial roofing activity
Jean Pascla PLANCHE
Vice President
Asphalt and Petroleum Technologies / Western Research Institute
Virginie MOUILLET
PhD, Senior Researcher, deputy head of chemical Unit
Regional Laboratory of Aix-en-Provence / Cerema Méditerranée
Hélène AZOULAY
Deputy Managing Director
PFC/Ecole des Ponts
Nadège VO VINH
Bitumen Shipping Manager
Supply International Bitumen / TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Cécile GIACOBI
Pavement expert
Vinci Autoroutes
Laurence LAPALU
Bitumen Group Manager
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES - Research Division
Yves BROSSEAUD
senior researcher - road materials expert - materials and Structures Department
IFSTTAR - Nantes - France
Emmanuel CHAILLEUX
Research Director
IFSTTAR
Jean-François CORTE
Member of the Council of Environment and Sustainable Development
French Ministry of Environment, Energy and Sea

MUSIC]

Hello and bonjour.

I am Jean-Pascal Planche.

I am the Vice President for Asphalt and Petroleum Technologies at

the Western Research Institute in Laramie, Wyoming in the USA.

Have been involved in Bitumen asphalt research development and marketing for

almost 30 years, both in Europe and in the US.

This is a real pleasure for me to share with you some generalities of

Bitumen characteristics and the impact on road construction.

The purpose of this video session is to present the main properties of Bitumen for

road construction.

Where we go over adhesion, cohesion, viscoelasticity, and thermoplasticity in.

We will see how these properties relate and

impact the performance of the Bitumen pavement.

We will make a general overview of the various types of damages that

can impact the performance of a pavement.

But if you're really riding, cracking, more thermal and fatigue, and raveling,

there are many more but those like skid resistance and

roughness I'll not directly link to the bitumen properties.

We will focus on the bitumen properties that affect the performance,

such as adhesion being Bitumen being a glue,

mechanical properties, and some ageing considerations.

The performance of a pavement usually deteriorates with time as a function of

the traffic loading and the climatic conditions.

Among the various damages occurring,

some are more related to Bitumen properties than others.

Those damages include rutting created by heavy loading trucks in the summer time,

fatigue cracking also related to truck [INAUDIBLE] repetition but

under cooler conditions like in the spring or in the fall.

Thermal cracking, related to sudden drop in temperature during the cold winter,

not necessarily in the presence of traffic.

And raveling.

This is the progressive loss of surface or edge aggregates and

asphalt binder due to weathering and aging.

Bitumen is the glue that maintains together the aggregates and

makes the pavement skeleton.

Adhesion is a complex property that depends on the couple Bitumen aggregate,

but subjected to warm interference, as in a strange love story.

Adhesion depends on the Bitumen chemistry, particulates polarity,

on the aggregate chemical nature, and surface characteristics.

All these parameters will define the strength of the adhesion bond between

the Bitumen, the mineral fines that make the mast stick and the aggregates.

Viscoelasticity is the tendency of a substance to behave like

both viscous liquid and an elastic solid under external force.

The temperatures expands by pavements vary greatly.

The Bitumen can go from purely solid on cold winter days

to nearly liquid on hot summer days.

The viscoelastic nature of the Bitumen is crucial to its performance in the field.

It should ideally retain some viscous behavior at low temperatures to prevent

cracking, but still be elastic enough at hot temperatures to prevent running.

Bitumens are often doped with

poly modifiers to enhance the viscoelastic range and performance.

Bitumen is also considered a thermoplastic material.

That is, it will become soft when heated and hard again when cooled,

without substantially altering its physical properties.

This is a very important quality for Bitumen to have because

it allows to flow and be pumped from place to place and

to coat and adhere to aggregate while hot and still return to a firm,

elastic state that allows traffic loads on the pavement after cooling.

This pavement will then resist rutting, cracking and other dimensions.

Viscoelasticity and thermoplasticity of Bitumens all

play key roles in field performance.

However, Bitumen will react with oxygen in the air due to its complex blend

of organic molecules, changing its physical characteristics over time.

Bitumen will eventually become stiffer, more plastic and

brittle, and these changes are irreversible.

Physical hardening in Bitumens can also occur as a result of spanning time at

low temperatures, however, this type of hardening is reversible.

Those aging phenomena are extremely complex.

And will require a whole dedicated session.

In conclusion, it is clear that Bitumen is quite an incredible material

due its combination of properties.

As an adhesive material it acts as a glue for the aggregates, and

preserves the integrity and water resistance of the pavement.

As a viscoelastic material it's able to withstand a wide range of temperatures

without critical failure.

And as a thermoplastic material, it is easily workable at high temperatures,

yet durable enough to withstand traffic loads when cooled back down.

Finally, its physical limitation can be compensated by the addition of polymer

modifiers and other additives.

And they will be presented in two forthcoming videos.

Or by special types of blending.

With that, I thank you for your attention, and I hope that you had fun watching.

[MUSIC]

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