[MUSIC] Dear participants, hello, it's a pleasure to meet you again for this new technical session. I'm Yves Brosseaud from IFSTTAR I already presented the video on testing asphalt mix. This video presents a condition of the making of all asphalt mixes covering aspect of the manufacturers, transport, and lean. The durability of a pavement structure depends on the thickness design of the layers, properties of the material used, and also their quality of workmanship. Both asphalt mixes are manufactured in asphalt plants. There are more 500 of the facilities in France, only 10% of the number found in the USA. And close to 3,500 in Europe. They are of two types, batch plant, working manufacturing seconds with batches of one to four turns per minute, allowing for the prediction of a whole diversified line of products in voluble content several tons to several hundred tons per day. They are generally fixed, located near large cities of an average capacity of 250 to 400 tons per hour. Continuous mixed plant. Drum mixer type producing from a continuous flow of consistent aggregates asphalt additives, asphalt mixes in large quantity but with limited formulations. There are mobile, or stationary, or very high capacity, hourly product between 150 and 700 tons per hour. The main function of these plants are to recompose formulations by adjustments the code bin units of sand, various chipping and fine, and possibly, materials to be recycled. They will get an eight aggregate to about 200 degrees in a dry mixer. Recover the fine from the gases of the dryer with dust exhauster and then to re-inject them into the mixtures. Ultimately mix the aggregates with the asphalt in a mixture or in the drum mixer. Stir the mixtures to a temperature between 140 and 190 degrees according to the natural and the class of asphalt used, before vending to the work site. This modern facility are guide by automated system that monitor the production quality and the discharge into the environment. We have equipment for recycling of asphalt mixes depending on the technology it is possible to use 10 to 60 % of wrap. The asphalt mixes are transported in tracks, avoiding all program of segregation. Third upper with second slate opening. I love the temperature, toppling on the bucket or even refrigerated truck with oriental jack for specific application like tunnels. The transport time must be limited to two hours to maintain temperature allowing for compaction. It is not possible to support asphalt mixes to compensate for this loss of temperature because premature oxidation alters the of the asphalt mixes. Asphalt mixes are thread and support that are dried, cleaned, uniformed, and well. In a prior step, a top coat with asphalt emission is indispensable for bonding the asphalt mix courses to each other or onto any type of support. This is done with an independent spreader, or with a system instead a paver. The paver allows for the application of asphalt mixes respecting the weights, thicknesses, and lessening our profile while providing efficient pre compaction generally we create with a high compaction power. It is proper levelling. And the regular advancing of paver quality of the pavement. For large projects, mobile papers avoid the stopping of the paver and allows for regular and homogeneous compaction. A structure can become damaged at its weak points, compaction of asphalt mixes is essential for the performances of the working life of the road. An additional one percent of voicantant represents an additional rigidity of about 1,000 megapascal of the flat mix. Rollers with mechanical balls, vibrating or not, and with heavy tires. At least three turns per wheel, depending on the natures and the thickness of the asphalt mixes, are adjusted to insure optimal compaction it's essential. They must be used before the cooling of the asphalt mix, when the viscosity of the bander is still low. Example, the asphalt mix is workable. To fabricate the arrangement of grains in a malleable mastic. This temperature must generally be greater than the regular temperature of the binder, increased by 50 degrees. In the case of rolling tops, the compaction also provides the surface micro textures. Thereby ensuring the train-ability of the surface course. The work verification cover the observance of the manufacturing and compaction top pressures. The thicknesses, the void content, the surface property, and the quality of transgressor evenness. The quality of the conditions of the manufacturing, transport, an application of asphalt mixes of each the courses of the pavement is essential for the preservement of the structure and its durability. Thank you for your attention, and see you soon for last session dedicated to the recycling of asphalt mixes. [MUSIC]