[MUSIC] Dear participants, hello. It's my pleasure to meet you again in this new technical presentation. In this video, the objective is to introduce you to what the key characteristics of bitumen are used for in industrial applications. According to the European standard EN 12597, dealing with the terminology of bitumen and bituminous binder, it concerns bitumen used in other applications than construction and maintenance of road or assimilated structures. The American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM, produces also standard specifications for coating bitumens used in the roofing market in ASTM D312-00. For roofing felts, industrial bitumen is expected to play its function of binder between support and waterproofing systems, such as shingles, built-up roofing, membranes and underlay. All these systems with bitumen inside are intended to protect the buildings against water damage. The expected lifetime of such protections is at least ten years. The minimum warranty period required by regulation and industrial bitumens plays an essential role on that. It is therefore necessary to carry out performance tests, including durability test and test where industrial bitumen is in combination with the exact materials it is supposed to bind. Please note there are some other industrial applications, such as thermal insulation with glass fibers impregnated mastics, paints and coatings, and so on. The performances which are required for roofing felts are the following. A high elongation at break. Low temperature flexibility. Good flow resistance. Indentation or footprint resistance. Adhesion on the support. Why specific grades are required for bitumen in industrial applications? On roofs, there is a large and quick change of temperatures depending on the country and the weather conditions. It requires increasing temperature range of use of bitumen. To meet this requirement, two possible ways allow getting that. One is using oxidation process. The second way is the modification of the bitumen with polymers. The oxidation process leads to produce oxidized bitumens, for which you can see in the table different grades and main applications. Oxidized bitumen is characterized by high softening point. Its application requires handling temperatures above 200 degrees Celsius. Its production requires a blowing unit in the refinery or in the plant. This was detailed in the video on the bitumen manufacturing process. Other way consists to use additive in the bitumen such as polymers like SBS or atactic polypropylene from 12% for SBS up to 25% for APP. For this polymer modification, penetration grade bitumens are specifically designed for industrial applications. SBS gives the bitumen rubber-like characteristics and improved resistance to aging and weathering. APP is a thermoplastic polymer which enhances the bitumen's performance by increasing its UV resistance and improving its creep resistance at high temperatures. As a conclusion, industrial bitumen concern bitumen used in other applications than construction and maintenance of roads. Roofing felts are expected to last more than ten years. They must protect buildings against water damage. Industrial applications require increasing temperature range of use of bitumen. To meet this requirement, two type of bitumens are commonly used, oxidized bitumens and specifically designed penetration grades mixed with polymers such as SBS or APP. Thank you for your attention and good luck for the rest of this MOOC. [MUSIC]