[MUSIC] When I introduce myself to people at social gatherings as a psychologist who studies memory, a predictable conversation takes place. Young adults ask about my research, while people my age invariably comment on their poor memory. Unlike young people who take their memory for granted, seniors are especially sensitive about their forgetfulness. Underlying this concern is a fear that any diminished recall might be the first sign of Alzheimer's disease. Forgetfulness does increase with age. Compared to young people, seniors are more apt to fail to think of a particular word or blank on someone's name. Of course I have these same frustrating experiences. If I'm busy in the kitchen I will sometimes ask my wife to toss me that thing, meaning the dish towel, or greet a colleague with “Hi, great to see you,” if I cannot remember that person's name. Occasional memory lapses can happen to any of us at any age. They occur most often when we are tired, distracted, or under stress. When elderly people experience them, they're commonly called senior moments. Sometimes these memory lapses are amusing, as writer Tom Friedman shows in his little book 1,000 Unforgettable Senior Moments. The famous cellist Yo-Yo Ma, for example, once left a $2.5 million cello in a taxi after a concert at Carnegie Hall. We are quick to laugh at absent minded errors in younger people but less so to these memory lapses in seniors. Going back to my opening remarks, when my gray-haired friends tell me that their memory is not as good as it was, what they really want to know is what memory changes are normal as we get older and what changes are a cause for concern, possibly signaling dementia? In the final part of this course on memory and aging, I'm going to highlight important differences between normal and pathological changes. All of the films in this section portray the hopes and fears of seniors with dignity and tenderness, beginning with Ron Howard's science fiction film, Cocoon, featuring a large cast of veteran actors. [MUSIC] Living in a Florida retirement center, three old timers, Art Selwyn, Ben Luckett, and Joe Finley have grudgingly accepted their age diminished abilities. >> Rose I think these must belong to you. >> Thank you. I'm Rose, Rose Lefkowitz. I don't believe we've met. >> This is Ben, Rose. >> How do you do? >> She remembers who I am, she remembers who she is so we're doing okay. Come on Rose. >> Their lives are dull and uneventful until one day, seeking a change, they enter an abandoned estate and discover an unused swimming pool. [MUSIC] >> Well gentlemen, mission accomplished. [MUSIC] >> I feel great. >> Soaking in the curiously warm water, the men feel their aches and pains washing away. Surprised, Art exclaims. >> Why shouldn't I feel good? I feel tremendous! I'm ready to take on the world, [NOISE]. >> The water, containing several large pods at the bottom, is oddly restorative. In no time at all these swimming buddies are doing backflips and cannonballs, their minds again sharp and alert. Though they look the same, the water has physically and mentally rejuvenated them, even arousing long forgotten sensual desires. The pods at the bottom of the pool hold dormant extraterrestrials left behind by friendly aliens, and kept alive by a life force in the pool. The same life force that has re-energized the swimmers. When the mothership later arrives to return the aliens to their home planet, their leader Walter, who has taken a human form, offers the men and their wives a tantalizing offer. >> I want you all to consider very carefully what I'm about to suggest to you. [MUSIC] You and your friends seem to want what we've got. Well, we have room for you. We have room for you, and about 30 more of your friends. You would be students, of course, but you'd also be teachers. And the new civilizations that we'll be traveling to will be unlike anything you've ever known. But I promise you, you will all lead productive lives. >> Forever? >> We don't know what forever means. >> Mindful of their mortality, the couples face a dilemma. If they stay, they will grow increasingly old and frail. If they go, they will never be ill or die, but they will never see their family or friends again. >> Bye, dad. Bye Mom. Stop by next week sometime, okay? >> Be a good boy. Mind your mom. For Ben and Mary this means saying goodbye to their daughter and grandson. Mary has qualms about leaving but Ben wants to go. Unafraid of dying, his only fear is losing Mary, after sharing a lifetime of memories together. Will they stay or go? Each couple has a day to decide. [MUSIC] >> You having second thoughts? [MUSIC] >> Yes. [MUSIC] >> So you think it's like Bernie said, we're cheating nature? >> Yes. [MUSIC] >> Well, I'll tell you something. The way nature's been treating us I don't mind cheating her a little. [MUSIC] In dealing with the physical and mental changes that accompany aging, Cocoon's fountain of youth pool taps into an ancient quest of recapturing a youthful vitality. Late night TV infomercials make similar promises about memory and seniors, worried about their increasing forgetfulness, are especially vulnerable to these spurious claims. The worries are real and while memory can get worse with age, dementia is not inevitable. I will show how memory changes as we age and provide up to date information on ways of maintaining memory function. For the films in this last section, I selected a series of love stories to show the range of problems that seniors may experience, from mild to serious changes in memory that affect individuals along with their lifelong partners. [MUSIC]