[MUSIC] In the next subject we'll talk about the Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean, actually we've talked already about South Atlantic. This is South Indian. This is South Pacific right. But before we start with that we need to have a look at where it all consists, right. This is a very different view from the world. This is looking at Antarctica, all right. And I've mentioned it very often, this is where we sail around the world. All right, so you can sail around the world here, but you need an ice breaker. All right, so this is where we sail around the world. This is why it's called by the three capes. Cape of Good Hope, Cape Leeuwin, Cape Horn. The three capes to port, you sail around the world, all right. The other things you see here, are so called ice gates. Because this is Antarctica this is the continent, but the actual ice is way out here. The ice shelf, the icebergs. These are the Kerguelen Islands for instance. They're normally ice free but just south of them you'll get icebergs guaranteed. So here you see the same continent, Antarctica. All right, this is the continent, the land, but if I put the average ice shelf on top of it over here, you can see how much further it goes. And this does not include any icebergs. Here we're back at the Kerguelen Islands, right. And all the icebergs that come off these ice shelves, especially out of this area here, which has got a big glacier, and this area here, which has got a big glacier. Throwing up icebergs into the Southern Ocean. And that's why the organization has put in the ice gates, to prevent the boats of getting in dangerous situations with too many icebergs, right. The race committee always has a responsibility and a job to look out for the ice. They use satellites, all sorts of stuff with organizations. We'll talk about it in another subject. And in the end, the end result is they'll put ice gates. [COUGH] This is what it was done in the last race, in 2010. These were the ice gates of the last race. It basically means that any one of those gates, the boats have to cross, be north of it, at one given time. Right, so this boat is now aiming for it, they'll be north of it. Here they can go back south but they'll have to be north of the line again at least once. They can also sail north of it all the time, but they only have to be north of it once. Here again, again, again, again, again. This is the wave point for the last race which was in Wellington, right. Here again, again, again, and again. Which already shows you that it's quite limited what you can do in the Southern Ocean. You cannot go all the way south because you have to come back up north again to one of these ice gates. Further north you don't want to go either because there are the high pressure areas related to climatology. Santa Elena's high, high pressure over her, high pressure over here, high pressure over here. So you're sort of stuck in between wanting to go south to find stronger winds and make the route shorter. I mean going like this is a lot shorter than going like this. Very easy to see on a map like this, all right? We'll go into each ocean separately. But this was just a general overview to give an idea of where we're going.
