[MUSIC] Now, if you just look at the songs, can we look at something else? That's the difference between a fortune teller and a psychologist. A fortune teller will be like, look at the songs, that's it. So Chinese look at love as very sad, very negative. A psychologist will be like, this is what was found in the songs. But how about, are there other data sources? Can we find more support for the hypothesis or for the observations that Chinese look at sad stories all the time? So people actually look at the emotion lexicon. When we study emotion in general, one way to do it is
to define emotion. Let's look for the emotion words or something like that. But very often time, just like romantic love, it's really hard to define what emotion is or what romantic love is. What we ended up doing is that, I don't ask you to define emotion. I don't ask you to define romantic love. I go to study the dictionary, or magazines, or any books, and look for the terms related to emotion in this regard. And they dug up a lot of emotion terms. And Shaver, in 1992, he took the lead and worked with Shelly Wu and Schwartz. Shelly Wu came from Beijing, so she studied the Chinese lexicon. And Schwartz is an Italian, he studied the Italian emotion lexicon. And Philip Shaver, of course, studied the English emotion lexicon. So they dug up all the emotion terms in the dictionaries and books. They found a lot of terms. And after they got a lot of terms, they tried to group the similar terms together. Putting aside all the exciting findings, let's focus on the love cluster. What they found was that in English and in Italian, there is a cluster related to love. It's all positive, beautiful, enjoyable, pleasant, for the love. But for the Chinese emotion lexicon, they have one group of terms that's related to love, and sad love. And examples include, if you know Chinese, read the Chinese, if you don't, English, infatuation, unrequited love, attachment, remote concern, etc. So by that, you know, they have a lot of reports. They made a lot of speculation, but one of the observation they made was that Chinese is very interesting, the language, Chinese, is interesting. Putting aside how they look at love, that even just by studying the vocabulary, the words, love is somehow sad, unpleasant and negative. Interesting. Now if you link it to the study of the love songs, these two data sources together, somehow Chinese look at romantic love as kind of sad. I don't know why. Maybe you can tell me.