So, we're talking about the transformation and the motivation of it inside the core of the network and one of the things that we're going to do, is we're going to leave a legacy for the most part untouched. As we began to introduce new technologies into that network, we're going to use those as our method of introducing this transformation that takes place in that network. One of the first places that we're going to start then is with 5G. So, 5G is fifth generation radio access network. It's a wonderful place because it's coming out now, it's just starting to come in. We've done a lot of network functions virtualization in the core of the network, this is a massive transformation that's going to drive additional resources into that network and it's a prime candidate. Some of the authors really talk about 5G is going to be the use case that really drives that network function virtualization and SDN deep into the core network. So this is a good place for us to continue our conversation about that transformation that's going into the core of the network. So, let's talk about what 5G is then. So 5G it really is the transformation that's going to take not only the people but also those things that we spoke about that 250 billion devices are going to be in their network. In order to accommodate those resources, we really do need to drive that functionality into that network that's transformative. Because of the connectivity aspect of these devices, because of the compute resources we're going to be quite varied depending on those types of devices that are in there and because of the access into that Cloud of the network. So, this is an element that really brings that all together and when we talk about 5G, sometimes we think about it really as the aspects in the radio access portion of the network and while it's certainly important and critical that really isn't all of it is that we drive this completely and deeper into the core of the network those other layers of the regional office and then deep into the core of the network into the cloud. So, while we want to think about it in both of those aspects, we're going need to focus on different pieces of it as we move on through here. So, what are the some of those functionalities that we talked about then inside 5G are going to allow us to talk about the critical aspects of those elements into this digital economy that's going to take place in there. The scale of the capability of the network are going to be five times, sorry 10 times increase in the density compared to what we have today and in some cases those IoT devices are going to talk about later, some of those are going to have a very long battery life when you think about the use cases you're going to be there. We're asking for devices it can have five to 10 years of useful battery life and that is without being actively recharged. Now, there are some models that will allow us to talk about the possibility of having a recharge ability via solar or some other type of passive device that's in error with capturing winter. In addition, those devices that are going to be onto those network really come into a variety of places. If we look at the connected car for example, the typical autonomous driving car by some estimates, it's going to generate about a gigabyte of traffic per second into the network, if we multiply it out by 60 times 60 in order to get the 86,400 gigabytes of data that that device would generate into the network of course that's assuming that would be used on a sum by 24 type basis. Now, we know that obviously the autonomous cars of today are not going to be used at that level, there's some estimates that say that they're only used somewhere in the range of 10% of their duty cycle, so it's very bumpy in that area. But it's not just the cars that we talked about, when we think about autonomous driving, we think about fleet vehicles, long-haul truck certainly can come into play here or even regional trucks are doing small distribution type functionality can take advantage of this for a variety of areas. The smart hospital is another great example that's going to drive traffic and of the 5G network it's estimated that smart hospitals generate about 4k gigabytes of traffic per day. In those devices, that traffic is probably more evenly distributed than we would find in the autonomous driving case. And then a massive source of traffic into the network is going to be connected factory and those are going to generate anywhere between one million and more gigabytes of traffic a day into that network. Again, when we think about that network that we spoke about, all that traffic is going to get aggregated in. Lots of other use cases we're going to talk about those when we get into the IoT types of areas but those will allow us to talk about how this network is going to be different in the 5G use cases in the core on not just the radio side based on those particular use cases. So, when we start talking about the transformation of the infrastructure today, we really have to look at this infrastructure attributes, they come into play there and when we think about the total cost of ownership, some of those total cost of ownership have to do with the thermals and the power that those devices are consuming. Again, if we think about that nonlinearity of the increase of traffic that I spoke of, we certainly don't want to see a linear increase in power thermosals into those types of areas. Similar we've got new security thresholds that are constantly popping up where the network needs to be more and more secure, this it in the ancient times the network itself was very closed off and security was less of a significant concern because as long as you have physical security, your applications we're not going to be able to cause disruption to the network but with IoT devices coming on board, those devices- and we have history of use cases where those devices in fact can cause security problems inside the network themselves. Then in similar we've got utilization concerns. One of the important things that come into play also is location is depending on the geography, the geographical location of these devices or the users, whether there's a human users or those device users. You may have regional requirements for data sovereignty and the location not only of the equipment itself there's providing those resources but of the source of that information may in fact have sovereignty requirements. So, while you may have a communications service provider who operates in a spoken hub and they've got distribution across geographical sovereign boundaries, the sovereignty itself may require localization of those information. So, it's not only important that you know where the equipment is geographically but you also know where the data is in many of these cases and that data may be subjective to some decision factor that comes into play where some data has to be required to be maintained locally from that sovereign standpoint and another data because either of abstraction or the nature of that information may not be, so you're going to have those types of things that come into play. And then similarly, we look at the transformation of the network itself, those elements that I spoke about that are in there. Sometimes we talk about them in the legacy world as having been purpose-built that's not necessarily a bad word but what we really meant was the network itself has long been a collection of computers but these computers are not standard high-volume servers by any large stretch of the imagination, they were purpose-built. They might have had adjuncts that were added into it either for some of these issues that we spoke about it for traffic or for routing or some other things, but the transformation itself and NFV is going to rely on a resource pool that consists of compute network and storage elements that are more like standard high-volume servers and then those applications can come on into it as part of that. So we move from that world of purpose-built platforms into those where we've got a platform itself network and compute and storage interconnected into a transporter or interconnect network. Then we can put those applications on it that both have better performance, better security, better lifecycle management, and such that meet the needs not only of the consumer and user with cell device if we think about it in that way but the home user, the enterprise user, and then in the large sense those IoT users that are coming into place there.
