So, what are some of those requirements then? Well, they're going to be massive IoT devices. So, again we talked about smart cities, whether it's transportation or parking, and really when we get into energy monitoring or environmental types of functionality. So, you go into a very large city, we've got tens of millions of people whether that's someplace like, Mexico City or New York or Tokyo. There's certain functionalities that the infrastructure needs to support that can improve the lifestyle for people, and parking and transportation is one of those great models. If you think about someone in a residential area, and some of those high-density communities spending 20 minutes driving around their block trying to find where's a next parking space so that I can park my car in, so that I can leave it overnight before I use it again. Those are significant problems because it adds to congestion into that municipality where if they said, if the city was able to enable the detection of those of those facilities and tell them, "If you go here, you're going to likely find some place to store your car for overnight," or "Congestion inside that city itself. We've got construction going on, we're going to reroute traffic, and communicate effectively for that reroute." Intelligent buildings, energy savings are going to replace. This is a massive type of an opportunity where if a power industry is integrated well into that and they have some maintenance activity that was unanticipated, and they need to shed load in order to do that, they may have some type of ability to communicate that information in devices, and say, hey look, you need to raise the temperature in you're building a couple of degrees, so it takes load off of this infrastructure so we can apply functionality to perform that operational maintenances necessary without causing impacts to the greater power grids. Those are all types of things in very large cities that we can do. But in order to accomplish that, we've got to get that information from those devices back into a large data center, operate on one, and then possibly, provide feedback into those types of areas. So, those are the types of massive IoT devices are in again, industrial, agricultural. There's 7 billion or so people in the world today, and we all need to be fed a couple times a day. All that food has to come from somewhere, agriculture is a massive industry. There's a story about a company that built tractors, and they would sell tractors on a regular basis about every 10 years to the farm community. Then, they realized that they were only seeing these customers once every 10 years, and that was life expectancy of this devices. But the agriculture industry itself has transformed in the last four or five years to the point that this tractor company now is no longer a tractor company, they're an information data accompany. It just happens to be that tractor is one of the devices that used to get information out to the field, and to perform operations in the field, so we can do things like monitoring, control access. The devices themselves are controlled through Geo satellite positioning, and autonomous driving at a variety of things. But they can detect when is the best or the optimal time either to apply irrigation, apply nutrients to the devices or even to plant or harvest their crops. All that goes into the efficiency of that industry, pulling that information back in, then helps commodity industry predict the availability of those resources, and manage that industry a whole lot more effectively. Massive transformation that we see is going to take place in there. Similarly, manufacturing, if you look at the challenges of manufacturing, automation in manufacturing is a good thing, it improves the quality of the product at the end of the day. It also may in fact drive the costs down, which is inefficiency that helps the end consumer of those products along the way. So, anything that we can do there improves their performance even draw tying that back into the supply line management. Whether we're ordering parts or making sure that we've got enough of the components are necessary in order to meet those orders, and providing that information back into some corporate center because large industries are no longer consolidated into a single location, but manufacturing may be distributed, but you're still going to have a headquarters. The headquarters needs that information in order to control and manage that infrastructure that they're responsible for generating product, and profits on. Then, we've got things like the commercial IoT areas, HVAC sensors. So, again I gave an example of a control system of an HVAC system where you may in fact asked to to shed load from a power grid for some type of the device. We're seeing smart meters, power industries are driving those in very interesting applications there. Then finally, in the commercial area inventory management, there's an expression in some industries that, "Freight at rest is freight at risk." So, if you've got the ability to have your freight more effectively controlled, and monitored, you may in fact may have less leakage of that inventory management from a transportation standpoint, right on down into looking elements of commodities inside a store front. I saw recently in one of the big box stores, they've got a really cool app now that you can actually tell them what you're going to find it, and it'll take you right down the aisle and put you in front of the bin using your mobile device. All that traffic flows back to the network in its nascent at this point, but if you think about that industry itself, it's going to place a significant load on the operational elements inside the network. So, with all of those things that could be possible for an IoT standpoint, we're going to look at what are some of the requirements there. So, some of the critical IoT functionalities are things like remote health care. Obviously, no one wants a health care service that is life-dependent, not to have the highest standards of quality and availability. Similarly, on autonomous driving type of an application, both for traffic safety, and for human safety are very necessary. Factory automation again, if you've got humans interacting with robotic devices that are moving around in a factory. You want to make sure that those robots are getting quality information from those sensors that detect the movement of those humans so that we don't have an industrial problem that would cause us to feel a lots of additional paperwork is necessary. In the public safety area, a lot of interest that goes on into the public safety area, whether that's crowd control, had sort of like a concert or whether that's elements of- Again, we're talking about redirecting traffic in certain scenarios where you may have a road closure or an emergency situation that's taking place in providing that information back, and also improving the emergency response elements. So, one of the applications that we may look at when we talk about things is allowing slices of the network, and we use that term later and describe that so that we can actually allocate resources to emergency responders, and some type of natural disaster, so that their load gets a prioritization. We're thinking about a variety of examples whether that's a natural disaster due to a wildfire or a hurricane or a storm, you may in fact want to allocate resources to the public safety sector that reserve those capacities inside the network for their utilization, and shed load from other consumers, and maybe putting traffic onto that network so that those critical services get access to the resources, and communication infrastructure they need without building a separate dedicated network. You don't want to build a separate dedicated network in this case for variety of reasons. One of them is locality, and the other one is going to be costs. You don't know exactly where you're going to need it all the time, and geographically, it may vary from time to time. So, you would have a lot of infrastructure that would be invested that's not necessarily used at a very high duty cycle. But when it does it need to be used, you certainly would have to be able to access it. Then, we talked about the energy drivers in there as well. The energy sector obviously very important one. Sometimes, it's one of the ones that we sort of forget as, and when we look at the total cost of ownership of some of these platforms in the network, significant portion of that over the lifecycle of a system is actually associated with the energy itself of those platforms. If we cannot manage that, whether that is spinning down functionality, when it's not being used to shed load off of those platforms so they consume less power. Again, to an example where we've got operational considerations for maintenance activities to control that energy or that power consumption are significant opportunities for us.
