Sheep Brainstem

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From the course by The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

774 ratings

The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

774 ratings

Learn how the nervous system produces behavior, how we use our brain every day, and how neuroscience can explain the common problems afflicting people today. We will study functional human neuroanatomy and neuronal communication, and then use this information to understand how we perceive the outside world, move our bodies voluntarily, stay alive, and play well with others.

From the lesson

Perception and Vision

Perception is how the brain interprets incoming stimuli. Not all stimuli that can be sensed are perceivable, and sometimes those that can be perceived play tricks on us. The systematic ways that stimuli are interpreted (or misinterpreted) show how well the brain can understand our surroundings, sometimes with limited information. This module we will explore perception and vision.This module contains a lot of material, so be sure to start early so that you have time to finish!

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain4:51

Sheep Cerebellum2:53

Sheep Brain Parts5:56

Sheep Brainstem5:14

Sheep Ventricles, pt.13:47

Sheep Ventricles, pt.211:57

Sheep Spinal Cord & Cauda Equina8:45

Meet the Instructors

Peggy Mason
Professor
Neurobiology

[MUSIC]

So let's compare once again the pons and the cerebellum.

Here, I'm just reminding you, here is the pons, the base of the pons.

This the part of the pons that is married to this cerebellum, and

particular the cerebellar hemispheres.

So this is big in us because they

both got big together, the cerebellar hemisphere and the base of the pons.

And here's the sheep.

Here's the base of the pons.

Here's the cerebellum.

They're both connected.

I'm going to just cut off the peduncle.

I'm going to cut the connection.

Okay there you go.

I just cut, I am cutting off the cerebellum.

There is no other structure in the brain that has so

constricted an access.

So the cerebellum, if it were not for

these peduncles, it would not be part of the brain, it would float off.

So that's the only way in or out.

Were you gonna say something?

>> Yeah. So are they connected to

the hemispheres and not the vermis?

>> It's connected to, so this connection is to the entirety.

it goes both to the vermis and to the hemispheres.

So, now we look down on it, and we see this structure,

which I haven't really talked about.

But, this is the fourth ventricle, and it's going to contain cerebrospinal fluid.

And, it goes right into this aqueduct, which I'm putting my probe into.

And so it's going right into the third ventricle, which is part of the midbrain.

And you can see I'm in mid brain.

here's the colliculi, the superior and inferior colliculi.

The bizarrely large,

superior colliculus.

Okay.

So yes, small hemisphere, small basis pontis.

Let's cut this midsagitally.

I'm so sad because the pineal just came off, that was very unfortunate.

It slipped off, but at the very least, what did I do?

I cut it right on midline, yay.

Look at that.

How do I know?

Because there is the aqueduct.

You see how that leads?

That's a little channel that's leading from the fourth ventricle up

here to this third ventricle, which I cut a little bit off center, but not much.

This is the third ventricle.

Let's get that a little bit off.

Okay, great.

So, fourth ventricle aqueduct, third ventricle.

And regrettably I cut off the pineal, there it is.

But the pineal would sit something like that.

And so if the pineal grows, it presses.

It presses right here.

And that's why it presses right here.

It can close this aqueduct and you can imagine that that is a very vulnerable

place where hydrocephalus could occur.

If we look at it from the side.

Let's see.

Which side is this?

Okay.

We're gonna look at it like this.

So, let's compare the sheep and the human.

We don't have a medulla, but the medulla on here.

We don't have a human medulla, but here it is.

Here's the medulla, here's the spinal cord.

Here's the pons.

Here's the pons.

Here's the midbrain.

Here's the midbrain.

Here's the diencephalon and here's the diencephalon right here.

Then here is the telencephalon.

So, the same parts.

They're proportionately bigger or smaller but we've got the same parts.

Okay. Now the final thing that I want to do

is explain to you about the ventricles.

That's what we'll do next.

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