We want to look at race and American identity. America's changing, American schools have already become a majority-minority population. Reaching that mark in 2014, when the overall number of Latino, Africa-American, and Asian-American, and Native American students surpassed the number of non-Hispanic white students in our schools. Despite the increase in demographic diversity in our K-12 population, according to the Government Accountability Office, school segregation is sharply increasing. So we have a trend in which the nation is becoming more diverse, it is changing in fundamental ways. And at the same time, people because of perceptions of ethnic and racial differences, are becoming more sharply segregated throughout the nation. That also is demonstrated in the Pew Center the Next America study. And there's a good talk by Paul Taylor who has written a book on this really looking at the demographic transformation of American society. Changing demographics have engendered fears of cultural displacement among segments of the dominant white population, in particular. But there are lot of concerns about the impact on the overall nature of American identity, and what it means for this nation going forward. There are many challenges as a consequence of diversity, both historically and contemporarily. One challenge is a challenge of increasing religious diversity. Proposals to ban immigration based on religious faith, particularly in refugees and Muslims, have become targets in recent months. This is raising some fundamental questions about issues of religious diversity that go back to the very founding of the American nation and the initial framing of the American Constitution. There is a rise, a reported and documented rise of Islamaphobia in our schools, and the subsequent bullying of Muslim-American schoolchildren. And that is a very important concern, critical concern. And one that also raises questions about how we will respond to increasing religious diversity. So we learned from recent data driven reports that approximately 55% of Americans voice unfavorable unfavorable opinions of Islam. Such attitudes threaten to redefine and corrupt the most fundamental meaning of American democracy, that is based on the Jeffersonian idea of religious freedom. And [COUGH] you'll have a chance to look at Thomas Jefferson's, A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom, and James Madison's Argument Against Religious Assessment for civil rights or for office holding. And both of these documents were written before the Constitution, 1785 and 1789, and it's the basic American Constitutional view of religious freedom in our nation. And it makes it very clear that civil rights, participation to a body politic, immigration, none of these things should be based on a religious assessment. And both Madison and Jefferson played the important role of incorporating the principle of religious freedom into the American Constitution. And therefore, it's a challenge going forward as the Islamicphobia, and the bullying of children based on their religion, immigration bans based on religion. A direct challenge to the most fundamental principle of American democracy, religious freedom.