Multiple Bout Sprinting

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From the course by University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

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University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

30 ratings

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

From the lesson

Acute fatigue during training and competition

Fatigue is a phenomenon we all experience. It is characterized by tiredness and the desire to rest. Whether the athlete likes it or not, fatigue serves a protective function. It is both cognitive and physical in nature. In this topic you are introduced to the science of acute fatigue due to training and competition. With rest, acute fatigue dissipates and the body becomes stronger. You will learn about important fatigue theories, and the factors believed to contribute to fatigue such as low fuel supplies, acidity and body temperature.

Introduction3:35

PCR and Glycogen Use5:47

Derivation of ATP4:00

Changes During Recovery4:04

Effect of Recovery6:24

Single Bout Sprinting6:13

Multiple Bout Sprinting4:37

Recovery Rate Factors5:30

Meet the Instructors

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

So, we just talked about a single bout of sprinting and

what happens to the fuel supplies.

Now, let's take a look at what happens during multiple bouts of sprinting.

Athletes train for speed by performing multiple bouts of high intensity sprinting

separated by short periods of rest or very low recovery.

And here you see an animation of what the activity to

intensity during one training session might look like.

There are three maximum speed bouts in this particular training session,

but there can be more if you're training a track sprinter.

Team sport coaches will try to mimic the speed variation typical during a game.

And here is an example of the workload for

a sprinter who performs one single burst of maximum speed.

And here is an endurance runner, running a 5K training run.

And the speed is very consistent and below their VO2max.

And here is a basketball player and here is a hockey player.

Now, it's clear there is quite a bit of variability

in both of these team sport athletes.

Sometimes they're below their maximum VO2 and sometimes they're above.

Accompanying this speed variability

are fluctuations in muscle levels of phosphocreatine.

During the short bouts of intense sprinting, the phosphocreatine

concentrations can be as low as 40% of the resting levels.

After 15 seconds of rest,

the phosphocreatine can increase to about 70% of resting levels.

And here you see the fluctuating

phosphocreatine concentration in a muscle cell over six minutes, and

as you can see it fluctuates quite a bit.

The level of phosphocreatine in the muscle when the athlete needs to sprint

determines their power.

And during a team game the phosphocreatine energy system is supported by glycolysis,

as you can imagine that becomes a very important energy source.

But as a result, the lactate production during team sport training sessions and

competitions can be very high, indicating relatively high levels of acidosis.

The more speed bouts the athlete does, the higher their level of acidosis will be.

And throughout a one hour training session,

the player's glycogen supply will gradually decline.

Now part of the role played by the aerobic energy system is to

provide the ATP needed to rebuild the phosphocreatine.

However, glycogen stores will

only be replenished between gains through the diet.

If the athlete runs out of glycogen, they will have to rely on their aerobic

energy system, and their performance will decline because they cannot run as fast.

They cannot produce any significant levels of power if they're low on glycogen.

Now over the course of one hour, a team sport athlete uses a lot of glycogen.

During a typical team competition

the glycogen stored within the exercising muscle is used.

Now some resynthesis of glycogen occurs from the lactate during periods of rest

and low intensity activity, but it's not a really significant amount.

Some fat is used to support multiple bursts of speed

by the aerobic energy system.

However, it's really important, for you team sport coaches out there to realize,

that glycogen is the most important substrate for team sport players, and

it must be replenished between the training sessions by way of a good diet,

and that includes carbohydrates.

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