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Single Bout Sprinting

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Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

University of Florida

4.9 (35 ratings) | 1.9K Students Enrolled

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

Reviews

4.9 (35 ratings)

5 stars
33 ratings
4 stars
2 ratings

JJ

Mar 17, 2018

These courses are tough, but definitely worthwhile. I enjoyed both of them.

GA

Dec 08, 2017

Just awesome course...straight to the point... easy to understand.

From the lesson

Acute fatigue during training and competition

Fatigue is a phenomenon we all experience. It is characterized by tiredness and the desire to rest. Whether the athlete likes it or not, fatigue serves a protective function. It is both cognitive and physical in nature. In this topic you are introduced to the science of acute fatigue due to training and competition. With rest, acute fatigue dissipates and the body becomes stronger. You will learn about important fatigue theories, and the factors believed to contribute to fatigue such as low fuel supplies, acidity and body temperature.

Introduction3:35

PCR and Glycogen Use5:47

Derivation of ATP4:00

Changes During Recovery4:04

Effect of Recovery6:24

Single Bout Sprinting6:13

Multiple Bout Sprinting4:37

Recovery Rate Factors5:30

Taught By

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor

All right so let's talk about single bout sprinting for now.

The word sprinting is typically used to describe bursts

of maximal effort lasting less than 60 seconds.

The way in which the athlete uses speed differs according to the sport.

In track and field, speed is used to perform a single, or out effort.

Training for that single effort, however, consists of performing multiple

bouts of maximum speed to induce the necessary structural adaptations for

just that one single bout of speed during competition.

In team sports, sprinting only occurs in multiple bouts.

In between each bout the athlete may stand still, they may walk, or they may jog.

So we are going to examine how the energy systems are used when

the athlete sprints just one time versus sprinting multiple times.

We begin by examining a single bout of sprinting.

And the 100 meters and the 400 meter races are examples of single bout sprinting.

There's always quite a significant recovery period between

the performance of these races during a track and field competition.

During a 100-meter sprint most of the cells'

phosphocreatine is used during the first 20 meters of the race.

And here is the 100 meter speed curve,

showing the athlete's speed throughout the race.

And here is the curve showing the amount of phosphocreatine left in the cell.

phosphocreatine, remember is the fuel supply for the PCr energy system.

During the first 20 meters, the athlete rapidly accelerates.

And this is the yellow line.

And the phosphocreatine energy system is the critical source of ATP

during this acceleration phase because of its ability to produce very,

very high force and power.

Speed begins to decrease between 40 to 60 meters,

when the PCr stores have declined.

And at this point, glycolysis is producing a significant proportion of the ATP.

And this is the reason the athlete can keep going.

During the 100 meter sprint, glycolysis provides

around 65 to 70% of the necessary ATP.

And this is the reason acidosis increases throughout the 100 meter race.

The fastest sprinters produce the highest acidosis levels,

indicating the importance of the glycolytic energy system

to ATP production in the 100 meter race.

However, acidosis does not contribute to fatigue during the 100 meter race.

Fatigue in the 100 meter race, causing the athlete to slow down,

is due to the phosphocreatine levels in the muscle.

They are very low.

Fatigue begins around 60 meters,

as indicated by the slowing speed on the speed curve.

And even though acidosis is increasing at this point in the race,

the race is over before the acidosis can interfere with the muscle activity.

Okay, now the situation is very different in the 400 meter race.

The phosphocreatine energy system certainly plays a role.

However, the acidity associated with glycolysis is a critical fatiguing factor.

So let's take a look at this.

The concentration of phosphocreatine falls 89% during the race,

and the athlete's speed is also slowing, as you can see here.

Speed peaks at 100 meters, and then slowly declines after that.

The rise in the lactate indicates the activity of glycolysis, and

the amount of acidity in the blood.

And the rate of ATP production from glycolysis reaches its

maximum between the 200 and 300 meter point,

when the phosphocreatine is relatively low, or almost depleted.

Over the last 100 meters,

when the phosphocreatine supply is really low and acidity is very high.

And this is why the athlete begins to tie up and feel considerable pain.

The 400 meter race is brutal over the last 100 meters.

There is a dramatic decrease in running speed over

the final 100 meters, because of this acidosis.

It's interfering with the ability of the muscle to work properly.

And at the end of the 400 meter race,

the high rate of acidosis is thought to inhibit the cross-bridge

cycling of the muscle that we've looked at this animation quite frequently.

But as well, the aerobic energy system is becoming the dominant supplier of ATP.

And over the last 100 meters, the decrease in speed is due

to a much higher reliance on the aerobic energy system to support

the struggling glycolytic energy system due to high acidosis.

And also to the interference of the acidosis with the muscle's activity.

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