When we think about HVAC systems heating and air conditioning venting a very AC and heating and cooling, we want to make sure that any excessive heat that builds up inside of a room, whether it's in a computer room, or in a wiring closet, or in a area where you're working as a workspace, whatever it may be, too much heat is going to damage the electronics. And so we have to be able to vent that heat away from the system and maintain a cool consistent temperature. It's very important. Otherwise, systems can fail. And if they fail, we may have downtime issues. So, we may have what's called, latent cooling, or we may have what's called, sensible cooling. Latent cooling may allow us to, you'll be able to move air flow a sensible cooling. Well, throughout the system in a design pattern to be able to ensure that the system has cooled and the hot air is sucked away from it. We may use air flow that's already in the building in the system to be able to augment that, or maybe blowing air directly into the system using a variety of vents, or fans, or things like that. It really just depends on the nature of the design that we're looking to achieve. When we think about air contamination, the other thing we have to think about is filtering out bad particles, dust, and debris, and things like that, that may get into the HVAC system and potentially could cause a failure in cooling, or a back up, or a blockage that could lead to excessive heat building up. So we have to make sure that we filter air intake systems. A lot of times we're sucking air from the outside in through these systems to create an air flow. And if we're sucking air in forcibly, we may be sucking in a lot of garbage that's in the air along with it. So we have big filters that will sit over the air intake systems and prevent things from coming in. Want to make sure that air intakes are raised up off the ground far enough, so that way nobody can throw contamination into the air intakes of either poison or somehow damage the air system. So these are things that we will want to think about as well. When we think about general guidelines, we want to make sure, like anything else as we summarized, some of the things we've just been talking about in this general area here, restricting access to the main air intake points. As we restrict access to the main air intake points, we want to think about the fact that this is important. Again, somebody could throw an obstructive object into the air intake system. They could throw a chemical device of some kind, or some sort of airborne contaminant in, and then they would try to poison the system or the people inside. That's going to be important to defend against. We want to make sure that we understand who's working on these systems, maintain an access roster of people that come and go, escort all vendors, making sure that we know who's doing what to the system. Nothing worse than having somebody come into our system as a vendor, going through ability to get up to the roof and gain access, or whatever they need to do typically for the air conditioning is usually up on the roof, and escorting them all the way through. And if we don't know who they are and what they're doing, they may be up to no good. They may not be the normal air conditioning guy that's normally sent out. And so, we want to validate that and want to check and make sure that that they're for the right reasons, and that they're there to actually work on the system. This is important. When we think about our cooling our heating, we think about our electronics and safeguarding in, and potentially deal with things like fire suppression. We always have to talk about water because water is usually very common in these systems. When we use HVAC systems, general air conditioning, we use a lot of water to cool the system, and we use water for a variety of things, we circulate water. If there's a break in the pipe or break in any of the piping areas, water may wind up on the floor and may come out of the ceilings, could be all sorts of places. We obviously want to be sensitive to that because when we have a water leak and we have electronics, the two don't mix. And if we have standing water in the data center, we could short out a lot of the equipment, but we also can have a dangerous situation where we may electrocute somebody because standing water and electricity don't mix either. So we want to be aware of that in case there's a flood. We want to try to make sure we know where pipes are located in the ceilings. So that way, if there is a leak, we're not going to put equipment directly underneath it, potentially. If you look around in your data center, if you happen to have one in your building, or if you look around in your server closet, or wiring closet, or whatever it is, if you see that there are pipes flowing in the ceiling up above or there's air vents in the ceiling up above, you want to be aware of those things because there could be the opportunity for water to leak out of those. And if your rack of servers are sitting right up underneath the big pipe that says, sprinkler, water, that's not a good idea. If that pipe rust through or bursts, then the sprinkler water is going to come out all over the servers, and that's going to lead to an issue. So you want to be aware of that and think about that. Blocked ventilation systems can cause condensation, moisture. You can have dew or moisture build up, humidity can go through the roof, you get a lot of moisture in the air, and that can lead to complications that can really cause a lot of problems for electronics, could short things out, and can lead to all sorts of issues. So we have to really think about that and be on guard against water related issues, wherever we see them, whenever we find them. When we think about fire and fire detection and ultimately fire suppression, we also have to think about concerns we may have that can lead to a system outage, and obviously, damage to our systems, potentially loss of life. These are bad things as well. Want to think about the fact that we can detect fire using either optical detection or physical processes. These are two categories of the ways in which we can detect fire. We may, through an optical detection process, be able to either see flames flickering or some sort of infrared technology where we will see the flame. We may be able to use an ionization detector to look for smoke particles in the air, which will be able to detect that and see that. We may have a rise, or a heat detector, or a temperature rise detector that normally is monitoring the room, when the room is at 80 degrees or whatever it is. When the temperature in the room suddenly spikes for maybe up to 250 degrees and several seconds or over 30 seconds to a minute, that can indicate that there is a heat source in an ignition source that is about to cause, or indeed is causing a fire. So these are different ways in which we can look for that. We can look for the burning, the smoke. Those are physical processes that we may be able to observe and then take reaction for, or take action as a result of as well. So we want to make sure we're familiar with the kinds of detection that can occur, the mechanisms, flames, smoke, heat detectors that are used. We want to be able to understand these and have a sense of what they are. We also want to make sure that we are thinking about the fact that fire, when it does break out, has to be suppressed. Whether we use a chemical extinguisher, whether we use water, whether we use foam, there's different ways to do this based on the kind of fire that we may be dealing with. Whatever it is, we have to take steps to stop it. Because if we don't stop it, it's going to damage all the infrastructure and probably ruin the building. So we do have to have an automated system with around the clock monitoring that will help us to do that.
