[MUSIC] So, let's think about scale in terms of a kind of a final four big questions. Not all part of the organization or the enterprise that you create are going to be equal. And not all of the elements inside your organization are going to be equally deserving of growth. You may have one part of what you do that is powerful and successful and deserving of scale. That's great, grow it, build it, share it, get it to scale. But there are other parts of what you may do that may not be as effective, that may not be as powerful. You need to be critical and realistic about what parts of the enterprise that you're operating really deserve and have proven their merit on the road to scale. So be critical about what parts of this organization that you're creating actually have the most potential and have the most claim to scale. You need to also ask another deep question, which is, where can I actually start inside my organization to do more? How can I start to take the road to scale by experimenting and taking individual programs a little bit further one step at a time? And this might be the moment when you start to distinguish which programs deserve expansion and which don't. So you can ask that question, about how do I grow individual elements of my program as the first step towards getting answer to the question. Of how do I think about scale across all the different things I do? Then ask yourself one more deep question. What is the real argument for scale? Why am I pursuing scale? Why must I go beyond the community I'm currently serving? Now you may say that every social problem is enormous in its dimensions and is deserving of our fullest attention across all of its many manifestations and dimensions. But there might be a moment where you need to ask yourself, do I really need to take it to scale? Do I really need to go beyond what I'm currently doing? Do I really need to have this dream of scale be part of what I want to achieve? I think in many cases there are parts of enterprises that do deserve and are meriting of growth. But there are other parts often that are just not ready. And your job as a social entrepreneur is to be absolutely critical and realistic about all the things you do. To find those nuggets that are the most powerful, most valuable, and to take those to scale, and to leave the others behind. By way of conclusion, let's think about scale and the big questions you should ask. First, scale is in fact central to social entrepreneurship. But as I've tried to explain, you need to adopt the critical posture towards it. You need to ask some tough questions about it. But let's think about scale in terms of what it demands. It demands planning, and demands a lot of good strategy. Scale just doesn't happen. It doesn't drop onto the social sector. It has to be pursued systematically. It has to be sought, and it has to be It has to be part of your core planning. It's not going to be given to you. You really have to go after it systematically. Think about the idea, also, that we talked about, that there are many roads to scale, not one. There's not just this idea of franchising and multi-site replication. There are other roads to scale. Comprehensiveness, program expansion, paradigm dissemination. There are a lot of ways to get big, so think about the whole range of possibilities that are out there. Finally, I want you think also about one more thing, which is that scale is not the ultimate final word. It does give us some insight into market demand. That is, if you grow, it may well be that you're tapping into a critical market demand, but it doesn't necessarily always equate to effectiveness. It can be an indicator, but don't assume that it's a perfect proxy for effectiveness. It will give you a sense that you're onto something important that people want, if your organization is growing constantly. But it's not going to necessarily answer the biggest of all questions, which is about effectiveness. So scale is a good thing. It has to be managed. Scale is not a substitute for effectiveness and it's not a perfect indicator of impact. You need to think about scale, not just in terms of revenue, but in terms of this bigger question of increasing impact. And finally, you need to understand the scale is a process that requires deliberation, strategy and planning. It needs to emerge from both internal and external analysis. It can't just be assumed to happen. It has to be planned for and pursued systematically. [MUSIC]