Hi, there. Welcome back to this next video on Qualitative Data Analysis. In a previous video, we learned how to manage your primary qualitative data by structuring your file names. In this video, I will discuss what coding is and why it's important. So, what is a code? We define a code as a short way of indicating what a certain qualitative data unit actually means. In other words, a code is a very short description of a piece of information. And coding is really important when it comes to analyzing your data. It basically means assigning labels or tags to pieces of text. So, you could code a transcript of an interview or a policy document, but you can also use the coding technique for audio or video files. However, in this video, I will use interview transcripts as an example. And it's good to note that coding can be done with software programs, such as ATLAS.ti. Now, let's start with an example. Take a look at this part of an interview transcript. This is also known as a quotation. It's from an interview with Mary. Who remembers Mary? She's a participant of the water management project in neighborhood A. And she said in the interview, "I participate in this project because for me, it's important to be involved in neighborhood activities." Now, this quotation could be labeled with the code, 'motivation to participate'. This code is formulated on a more general level than the quotation itself. An alternative code could be, 'involvement in neighborhood activities', which is a little more concrete, but this code is of less quality. You know why it's of less quality? First of all, this code doesn't indicate that the quotation is about the motivation to participate in a project. A code must give insight and what the quotation is actually about. And secondly, a code must be applicable to more than one quotation. In this case, making the code specifically about neighborhood activities is too concrete. It's not applicable to other possible motives mentioned by Mary or maybe mentioned by other respondents. And if you make codes for every possible motive, you might end up with more than 20 different codes, and that's just for the motives. As a result, you will lose overview of the codes. So instead, the one single code, 'motivation to participate' covers all possible motives to participate. Now, let's take a look at another example. Here, you see a quotation of Natalie's interview. And Natalie is a participant of the project in neighborhood B. And she said in her interview, "A friend of mine told me about the project and introduced me to the team leader. I participate in the project because of the health issues we have in this area." Now for the first sentence, we can create a new code, for example, 'introduction to project'. And for the second sentence, we can use the codes, 'motivation to participate'. So now the code, 'motivation to participate' already contains two quotations, one from Mary and one from Natalie. Perhaps at this point, you're wondering, why do we code? Why is coding important? Well, it's important because it gives you an overview of all the information, of all the interviews related to this one topic. Or in other words, it gives you an overview of all the quotations related to one specific code. If we would, for example, select the code, 'motivation to participate', we can now see all the quotations of different interviews related to that one code. This is of course, way easier than going through each interview over and over again just to find what people said about their motivation. Now, let's briefly return to the actual coding technique. When coding, it is important to keep a few things in mind. First of all, codes can refer to all kind of things. It can refer to motives, relations, opinions, behavior, meanings, situations and so on. There are no limitations. Basically, every piece of qualitative data can be coded. Second to keep in mind, a quotation can be connected to more than one code. Have a look at this quotation. This quotation can be coded as 'opinion on project' and it can be coded as 'introduction to project'. So, this quotation is connected to more than one code. It's related to two codes. We've now come to the end of this video, introducing coding. And I would like to thank you for your attention. And we will meet again in the next video, where I will go into more detail on how to code and I will also provide you with some helpful tips. Bye.