Let's move on to section 5, Tencent Cloud. In this last section we'll cover the development history of Tencent Cloud, the competitive advantages of Tencent Cloud and Tencent Cloud success stories. Let's start with the development history of Tencent Cloud. Tencent Cloud is the cloud computing brand built by Tencent. It facilitates the digital transformation of various industries with outstanding technological strength and rich practical experience. It provides millions of global enterprises and developers with leading Cloud computing, big data and AI services, and offers customized industry solutions. 1999 to 2010 was the incubation period of Tencent Cloud. During this period, through the rapid rise of its instant messaging service, QQ, Tencent accumulated vast experience in large scale system development and Ops. 2010 to 2013 was the startup period of Tencent Cloud. In 2010, Tencent opened its platform to the first batch of applications, and Tencent Cloud officially began providing Cloud services to external clients. 2013 to 2018 was the growth period of Tencent Cloud. In 2013, Tencent Cloud was released to the public, and in 2014, Tencent Cloud computing was founded. In 2015, Tencent announced an ambitious plan to build a 10 billion RMB ecosystem. 2018 to the present has been the take off period of Tencent Cloud. Tencent Cloud and Smart Industries Group, which strives to facilitate the smart transformation of enterprises and unleash their potential through the industrial Internet, was established in 2018. Tencent Cloud has many competitive advantages. First, Tencent Cloud provides diversified services, offering hundreds of Cloud products and solutions, and exploring new technologies and solutions. Second, Tencent Cloud maintains a global presence with more than 27 regions around the world, over 60 availability zones, more than 2,100 cache nodes and over 120 terabytes per second of overall bandwidth. Third, the Tencent Cloud has accumulated years of practical experience, such as development and Ops experience with massive apps like QQ, WeChat and WeChat Pay. Fourth, Tencent Cloud possesses strong R&D capabilities. For example, Tencent Cloud is a leading contributor to KVM and a leader in Cloud host performance and database performance. Fifth, Tencent Cloud leverages economies of scale to provide clients with low purchase costs, low Ops costs and cost effective services. Regarding MySQL 5.7 I/O thread performance sampling, Tencent Cloud has one of the best performance for its managed database under MySQL, which is based on logbus I/O performance sampling. Tencent Cloud's, Cloud CDB kernel level replication and optimization have demonstrated much better performance than other Cloud providers. The charts illustrate that after optimization there were almost 37 percent in performance gains. The 56.15 percent file I/O overhead was reduced to 19.16 percent under the same stress and replica I/O threads were optimized to I/O bound threads. Tencent Cloud is a global contributor to KVM. In 2018, Tencent Cloud contributed 40 patches to the KVM kernel, ranking seventh in the world. It was the second time that Tencent Cloud was named in the KVM contributors list. Notably, Tencent Cloud was the only contributor from mainland, China on the list. Tencent Cloud also contributed to one of the five core KVM breakthroughs in 2018. The performance optimization solutions proposed by Tencent Cloud, including paravirtualization, TLB shootdown and paravirtualization IPI, can enhance the performance of high-end VMs by reducing virtualization layer loss. In some cases, this improvement can be as high as 130 percent to 150 percent. In effect, Tencent Cloud contributed back to the KVM community so that all community members could enjoy performance gains. Tencent Cloud has broken four performance testing world records. The table on the left illustrates that for gray sort, Tencent sort sorted 100 terabytes of data in 98.8 seconds and for minute sort, Tencent sort sorted 55 terabytes of data in 60 seconds. The graph on the right shows that Tencent Cloud had the lowest big data sorting latency in 2016 in comparison to its peers such as Ali Cloud, Baidu and Hadoop. Tencent Cloud also, has strong procurement capabilities. Each year Tencent Cloud buys massive amounts of servers and networking and storage devices, giving Tencent Cloud strong bargaining power and decreasing the cost of its Cloud products. Through Tencent Cloud clients can eliminate data center construction costs, lower system and software procurement costs, shorten cycles and lower time costs and greatly reduce operation staff costs. Tencent Cloud has three layers of service delivery, infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service. For infrastructure as a service, Tencent Cloud provides CVM, Cloud load balancer and Cloud block storage. For platform as a service, Tencent Cloud provides Cloud databases, Cloud caching capabilities such as Redis and CDN and Cloud object storage. For software as a service, Tencent Cloud provides facial recognition, voice assistance and video services. These are some of Tencent Cloud's success stories. Tencent Cloud has served over 100,000 enterprise clients, and over two million long tail customers and industries such as government, finance, retail, e-commerce, education, streaming and gaming. In recent years, Tencent Cloud has attracted an increasing number of high-end international clients such as Microsoft and MilliporeSigma. Here's a practice question for the Tencent Cloud practitioner exam. Hybrid Cloud combining public clouds and private clouds with interconnection is one of the latest trends in Cloud computing. What are the forces driving the development of hybrid Cloud, and what are the challenges faced by this technology? In summary, this chapter has introduced the evolution of data centers including EDCs, IDCs and Cloud computing. It has also introduced the key features of Cloud computing, such as five features, four deployment methods and three service modes. It has provided an overview of key Cloud computing technologies such as computing virtualization, distributed storage, network virtualization, Cloud management platforms, containers, AI and big data. It has also provided an overview of the impact and market of Cloud computing, including the development history of Cloud computing, the industrial Internet and the features of mainstream Cloud vendors. Finally, it has introduced the development and advantages of Tencent Cloud, including its development history, competitive advantages and success stories. This marks the end of the first chapter in the Tencent Cloud practitioner course. See you in the next chapter.
