Let's talk a little bit about different navigation systems. After all, getting around your site efficiently is one of the most important criteria for a successful site. We already laid a lot of the groundwork for navigation in the site map phase. Here, we were mostly concerned with the question of how the user would get from one point to another. Now, during the wireframing phase, we have to answer the question of how navigation elements relate to each other and to the current page, and this brings up other questions. Are some links more important than others? How are the links grouped? What other options are available based on the current task or goals? And a very fundamental question for every user, where am I? This last question, we will consider in more detail in the next video. For now, let's discuss how different navigation systems can help us design pages that make sense for your users and that let them accomplish the tasks they need to accomplish. In this video, we will talk about primary navigation, secondary navigation, utility navigation, and navigation to related contents. We'll also discuss inline links, something called an index, and search. Along the way, I'll be referring to three websites as examples for these different navigation systems. They are sites for the Pasadena Conservatory, the Marciano Art Foundation and the MAK Center. As you probably know by now, I was involved in the conception, design, and development of all of them, so I have a pretty good insight of why things were done a certain way. And I'll also use a fictitious wireframe example to discuss navigational concepts in detail. Okay, let's get started. The first want to talk about is the primary navigation. You're probably already familiar with that term, it's the main navigation of the sites showcasing all top level sections of the website. Looking at a site map, which as you'll remember was the final outcome of the previous phase, determining which sections make up the primary navigation should be pretty easy. It's the items that are directly attached to the home page. Well, maybe not all of them. It does get a little more complicated. Let's leave cart and account aside for the moment. They could be part of the primary navigation. But since they are somewhat different from the rest of the main content of the side, we'll deal with them separately in a moment. So here, you can see the main navigation implemented into a wireframe, presumably for the home page of a site. Again, we are not indicating that the links will be designed as gray buttons in a rather goofy typeface, this is simply a sketch. But while it doesn't tell us much about the look and feel, it does tell us the order of the links in the primary navigation. And that it will be laid out horizontally across the screen next to the logo, in the desktop version of the site at least. I'll mainly focus on talking about desktop here for the sake of simplicity. If you study a lot of websites, you'll notice that placing the primary navigation to run horizontally across the top of the page has become quite the convention. Most sides do exactly that, though another option would be to put the primary navigation running vertically on the left. And you'll find sites that do this as well. And there's nothing inherently wrong with that, it always depends on the project you are working on. If you, for example, have a large number of primary links, or if the labels of the links are really long, this vertical version might work better for you. But you are also allocating a pretty large area of the screen and the entire left column only to the navigation. So if you have a lot of other content to display on your pages, you'll probably want to stick to a horizontal primary menu. In our three example sites, each one displays the primary navigation menus horizontally in the desktop version. Here's the Pasadena Conservatory of Music site. It has about, for children, for adults, new students, current students, events, and blog as part of the main level navigation. The Marciano Art Foundation includes about, exhibitions, education, visit, events, and the building, and the MAK Center website has visit, sites, programming, Rudolph M Schindler, residency program, bookstore, and support.