Hey, and welcome back. After discussing all these challenges that practitioners in post-conflict scenarios typically encounter, it's about time we ask how disaster programmers and practitioners deal with these challenges and complexities underground. Let's have a look at some examples of disaster response programs and interventions that have contributed to effective aid in post-conflict settings. I see the other side of the effect of conflict as well. The other side is, during these past 20 years conflict situation, many of our officials and organizations, government agencies or civil society organizations, NGOs, those were exposed somehow to deal with conflict situation in rural areas as well as in urban areas. So people got experience of handling this complex conflict situations. I find that this experience of handling complex situations during the conflict was somehow useful, but at least it gave confidence to the people, those who were handling post-disaster situation in 2015. So it gave us a lot of confidence to handle this complex situation because of the earthquake with the experience of handling complex situation after the conflict. So one of the aspects that we feel proud of is for example, for past 20 years, we did school retrofitting. Several schools were retrofitted during the past 20 years and then during this earthquake, none of these retrofitted school buildings got significant damage and all of these school buildings survived and many of these school buildings even served as emergency center for the people, those who were affected by the earthquake. So if we remember that, that's a proud momentum, that's something to feel proud of. I think it's really important to have a proper context analysis before you engage in a certain location. So you understand the internal tensions, the internal divisions that may exist and you see which groups are at play and then when you design a program, you make sure that you're not leaving anyone behind or you're not reinforcing, or creating more division in the community because there's often a list that with the best in humanitarian intentions, you're actually trying to help a particular group but you're also leaving behind other groups which over time may reinforce that existing division and that's something that we should be strongly aware of and a good context analysis for that purpose is absolutely crucial. Again, going back to the idea that it's about a person and their dignity, their protection, their livelihoods, their resilience in a way you can use it in both settings. You have to be able to use it in a DRR, making sure that you are listening to the community, you're building a rapport with the community, that you have community trust and all those things are about how you work with and for the people affected. Now then when you come into having to do a disaster response, whether it's for a conflict or a natural disaster, the element of how you work with the people, how you're listening to them are already built into place. So therefore, you already have that practice of putting the person and how you listen and feed back that when there's a response, you're able to escalate with that approach. In the case of Sierra Leone, researcher Samantha Melis found that there are a couple of programs and interventions that worked well. Sam, can you tell us a little bit more about those? Well, in Sierra Leone, it was actually a state response to the mudslides and even though there were some challenges, actually having stayed in charge really increased their capacity and it's good for any future response as well. So having this really stay centered response was actually quite successful. So it made to stay stronger, you say? Yes. How is that in terms of aid organizations? So there are many aid organizations that did a good job and were very effective and efficient, but one of them particularly was, Street Child and that's because they actually targeted the IDP's or internally displaced persons that were sheltered outside of the official camps, and these people, they didn't actually have aid coming to them either from the government or from aid agencies. So this particular aid agency, they identified a problem, a gap also in the response and they responded to that, and the people they really felt that their needs were responded to. It was something that they asked for and that they were getting, and they were also very much involved in the response itself, in the distributions and the local leaders as well they were there, so it was very inclusive. Can you share another positive example, perhaps maybe something from the communities. Yes, the community response was actually really strong. After the mudslide, the communities and the community leaders, they responded immediately. The leaders also, they took up affected people from their community in their house and provided for them. So this was actually really very strong response and they also started identifying even affected people for their registration process, but when the registration process officially started, the state took over together with some major aid agencies and the communities felt a little bit bypassed by this and not included as much. So in the future response for aid agencies to really be a mediator between the communities and the authorities, would take this response actually much further as well. Thanks Sam. You've given us plenty to consider. Now we are ready for our second assignment and after that, for our multiple choice quiz
