Okay, ladies and gentlemen, nice to be back. Hope you had a nice break. Anyway, from now on, we'll have our questions at the end of the presentation, so we can control the time a little bit better. Now, we're talking about the needs of the audience, fit their needs. And presentations come in many forms. Now, you have presentations for small groups, perhaps, you're doing a meeting. You're having a presentation for example, a larger audience such as a university class perhaps. Or you have one of these large international online courses that could be quite large sometimes. 10,000's quite a bit actually, I think, yeah. So, there's many different forms of presentations. Some are very formal. Like, for example, if you're going to be the president of a bank, and you're going to address the stockholders. And they're worried about something, and you need to convince them that this is the right policy. You must be very formal and very confident, so that they'll follow you. These case it might be, that'd be more persuasional, I guess. Other ones filled with technical information, well for example at engineering, let's say schematic or design, you're trying to convince people to do something. Like I heard China wants to build a solar-powered system in space. That's a huge project. And that would require a tremendous amount of very technical presentations for years to even consider that. So that's a big, that would be very formal, because you must not make mistakes when you're doing something with that type of engineering. It's like the, well, we won't talk about that. Some are formal. Informal, ones that may make you lose control easily. Like something like this, a little informal. I let you speak and ask questions, and then the time gets overtime. So sometimes you have to be careful to measure your time. You can have sometimes on your PBT a little clock. So that you can watch the time down there and know that this slide is a three-minute slide, that slide is a five-minute slide. But because I'm adapting to the needs of my audience, and they have questions they need answered, I'm changing as I go. And so I don't know exactly how long I'm going to make each slide. But overall, I'll finish on time. I'm pretty good at that. Okay, and there you go. Try not to overwhelm your audience. That means don't give them so much information and so much knowledge so quickly that they're like, what's going on, you know? I didn't know there was this much knowledge in the world, right? So, just like when you're a teacher, you build upon foundations. You give them an outline of the knowledge you're going to present to them. You give them a goal that you're going to reach at the end of the course. And then you give them the information they need step by step. You make them practice. And test them, make sure they understand each level of that foundation of knowledge. It's like a prerequisite for the next level. So generally, if I have a weekly type of program, I have two classes a week for example. By the end of the next week, they should be ready for next week. And I hopefully prepare them for that. Do not overwhelm your audience or the decision maker or the customer. Because you might be in a group where everybody around you knows what you're talking about except the boss, who might be a good administrator but not an engineer. Or somebody else, it might be a customer who knows something about what you're talking about. But you have to keep things at a level that doesn't cause the decision makers to feel overwhelmed, uncomfortable, and don't make them feel stupid. Trust me, you don't want the boss to think that way, all right? We'll talk about that in a little bit. Now hopefully, if I have analyzed your needs, and I understood your questions, and I provided the answers. By giving you the knowledge I have in a format and a way that was easy for you to understand and answered your questions. Then hopefully at the end of the presentation when you leave here, you'll go, wow, I understood, I got what I wanted, I think I got everything I needed. Or I got something I needed from this presentation. 20 years from now when I'm president and CEO of some company because I made a great presentation to the bank and got lots of money to build my company, I'll remember this guy. Buy me a car or something, who knows, right? Okay, needs of the audience. Education. Now normally, in let's say, there's a mixture. Most presentations have mixtures of knowledge of different types. Education, I'm going to teach you something. This is the knowledge you need, this is the information. I list out the information step by step for you to learn. I educate you. Instruction. I teach you how to do something. If you take this, and move this, and change this, it'll make this. I teach you how to build something. How to design something, right? Then motivation. Hopefully, you will be able to be motivated, after a good presentation, to do something you came there to do. Like, you came here, some of you are little nervous about doing presentations in the future. Maybe someday you're thinking, can I do this, talking to people like that? Hopefully by giving you some background information and showing you how I do things, I might motivate you and persuade you to follow the way I do things. So motivation is to change you, persuade you is to follow me. Now usually if I'm going to sell you something, if you give me money, I'll make you rich. And you go, okay, here's the money. Then I did a good job, that's persuasional, right? So, try and fit the needs of your audience. And it's often a mixture, like in this presentation, I've gone through several different topics and different needs of the audience. Okay, not everybody is at the same level of knowledge, not everybody has the same technical knowledge. And so you need to know the basic knowledge of the audience. Now let's say I had schoolchildren, 20 little kids, ten-year-olds. And we're talking about, I don't know, something kids like, bicycles, I don't know, bicycles, right? And we have teachers. And I'm talking about how the bicycle's designed, and the metals that they use, and the technology. And the kids are going, what? Speak to the audience. What is their technical knowledge level? Don't go above it. Try and match. Your presentation, it should be technical to the audience. How do you do this? Well, in the beginning, I gave you a little Q & A. I got a little information from you, a few questions, give me an idea. Now before I came here of course, your professor gave me what he thought was the analysis of the survey, the needs. And so I tried to make this PowerPoint fit that. So that's something I didn't do it myself, see. Now normally if I'm going to introduce, let's say, a new topic or subject in my university, I might ask the students what they need from this, how will it help them. But I usually know what they need, that's my job, right? But you can ask them and gather information, especially for marketing. When I send students out to do marketing surveys and things like that, and then do the research on the results of those surveys, these things are also quite important you know. Now, the big one, cultural knowledge. Yes, yes, yes. We live in China. I live in China. I've been in China longer than I've ever lived anywhere in my life. I've lived here longer than I've lived in any other country, except America. I lived there 18 years, not 15 years. It's okay, I forgot about that. Anyway, but I never lived in one city this long. And because I've traveled the world, I don't have a family. I've been able to do any kind of job I want, move whenever I want, live wherever I want. And I have enough technical knowledge that I can get a job wherever I go, right? And so I've been able to live in different countries with different kinds of people. And live with them. I enjoy getting on the bus, and driving around, and not knowing where I'm going. And get off the bus when I see something interesting. And do something, meet people. And then get on the bus and go somewhere else. Get on the train, not know where the train is going. I mean, well, buy a ticket and go somewhere, and when I get there, meet people, and know these people, and get to know the culture. That's why I know Xizang Zhong, for example, compared to Xiamen or perhaps Chengdu, because I lived in these places, I've visited these places. You need to travel, meet people, this really develops your cultural knowledge. And it gives you the differences between you and somebody else. It allows you to learn the middle, a middle way, and accept more different kinds of culture. So really, travel is a great teacher. Now, like I said before, maybe you can't travel. There's plenty of students from other countries here in China you can talk to. Just be friendly, be active, and, of course, try and approach them at the right time. Cultural knowledge generally allows you to enjoy conversations with other people. To be able to relate to them. Go to dinner, eat with them, tell jokes, and be entertaining with each other. How to do things that make people think you're polite, have good etiquette, the ability to work with other people and make people happy, and know the proper things to do. Like my favorite little thing, right [SOUND]? You remember SARS, right? 2003? Suddenly, everybody was using public chopsticks to get the food out of the plate and put it on your plate and put the chopsticks back. Before that, it was a sign of respect. I eat with you, you're like my family. You might as well be kissing each other when you share food with chopsticks like that. And you just go, Americans go, we really don't like that, right, we really don't like that. But I've lived in Asia for 35 years, so I'm completely used to it and my [SOUND], my bacteria's very strong. Nothing happens to me, right? But anyway, after that, people became much more concerned about how they eat. And so even today, when I go out to eat with some Chinese people, I will deliberately bring my chopsticks, I have some, I forgot to bring them, my portable chopsticks. And I'll use those to eat with, and I'll use the other chopsticks to take food. And then people go, yeah, we got a foreigner here. Then everybody will do that, see? So we're working with each other, it's cultural appreciation and respect for each other's culture. You try and make each other happy, and do the best you can to help each other. Now, I find that when I walk around here in China that most Chinese people treat me very well. because I'm a foreigner, you know, I'm not Chinese. I don't know things. My language skills in Chinese aren't that good. So people spend more time helping me, and I really appreciate that. It's something I think the rest of the world should learn a little bit, how to be more appreciative of people who are visiting, right? I won't name countries, but [COUGH] some countries are just not that friendly. >> [LAUGH] >> Anyway, so travel, meeting people, and dining with them, and being invited to their homes, and being respectful. Going to their homes, I was like, my goodness, I can't imagine walking into a house without taking off my shoes. I've been in Asia for 35 years. When I go to America, it's just, you walk on the carpet with your shoes on? I just. But it's a clean carpet. And I just feel very difficult to walk on a carpet because I've lived. Cleanliness is a very important part of the Chinese culture here. And the Japanese and the Koreans, right? And these areas are very clean. And so I have a hard time. I usually buy some, if I live somewhere with my brothers and sisters, I'll buy some slippers and buy them some too. And they'll look at it, and why? So you don't have to clean the carpet so much. That's a good idea. Okay, there you go. So cultural knowledge, those are some examples. And again, this is a hook, a way of attracting the audience. Tell them a story that they can really relate to, that they really can see how there is differences between one culture and another. I hope I made that point. Know your audience. I think we're covering this quite a bit, because anyway, we've talked about this earlier, but I'm going to go over this again. Who's an expert? Well, if you're a software engineer and you graduate from Beida Software School of Engineering, and you go to some company, they expect you to be an expert. Because you have trained and studied, had the best teachers and the best equipment to work with, they expect you to be really, really good. So it could be based on your academic credentials, you're an expert. If you're a doctor, my god, you better be an expert. It's like [SOUND], what's this? I don't [SOUND], we don't want doctors like that, right? You want doctors who know what they're doing, right? People who have experience. Your mother is an expert in taking care of babies. So when you have a baby, and she's a grandmother, she will know everything that you need to know. And you can listen to her and go, yes ma'am, yes, you're the god of babies, you know everything. She's the expert, right? So, you can meet experts, people who have traveled and done things you wanted to do. Maybe an instructor, a teacher who knows something you don't know. Then hopefully you might think of me as a expert in presentations. I thought it was very interesting to be invited to do a presentation about presentations. As a presenter to the presentees, doing a presentation was quite interesting, I enjoyed this. Okay, you have to know the important facts. What's an important fact? Something that the audience needs that's true. Now, if it's not true, then you're not being honest with your audience, and they'll find out. You should be able to give them information that you've cited and you have references to. Don't talk about things everybody already knows, right? For example, I don't know, the traffic in Beijing. My goodness, the traffic is so difficult. You know, traffic is so, in our country we have this traffic, you have this. We always, we already know about that, right? So really, there's no real reason to talk about that. I'm not going to talk about, when you make a PowerPoint, start Windows, click on the icon, open up the PowerPoint application, click on. You know that already, so I'm not going to do that. Now, here's a very important point. There are may good video presentations, done by experts in the world. I'm sure if you watched a Steve Jobs presentation, it would be wonderful. I actually never seen one. I, after this, I think I'll go watch one, because next time I'm going to do something about product introduction. But anyway, if you have this great video, you go, yeah, there's good facts, good information. But let's say you're not following it or you have a question. There's nothing you can do, except do research and hopefully find out. You can't communicate directly. Whereas if you have a live presentation, your body language and the way you're looking at me and then going [SOUND] gives me a background, gives me an idea of what you need. It makes me change. It allows me to answer questions when you have questions. Hopefully, as we go through the presentation, you write down your questions, and at the end you have something to ask. And hopefully, we'll get something back for that. But live presentations are just like, I don't know, teaching children by showing them pictures instead of showing them directly. If you show a video, okay, here's how to change your shoes. You show a child, and and the child's, okay, mm-hm, okay. But if you teach them, you hold them, you move them, and you show them directly, and you answer their questions, why does it go this way, why does it go that way, they're much more likely to learn. And it's just like doing a speech or a presentation. If you can get feedback from your audience, you can improve what you're doing to fit their needs. Don't be afraid to modify your presentations. But this requires you to be flexible. To know your topic well enough that you can go off in a different direction and give them what they need right now. If my boss says, I don't want to know about that anymore, tell me about this! [COUGH] okay. And off you go. You adapt to your environment. You adapt to your needs of your audience. You can modify it, you have the ability. And that takes preparation, practice, and knowledge. Like I said before, if you want to make a great presentation, practice, practice, practice. But we'll talk about that in a minute.
