What Does a Cryptologist Do?

Cryptology is a broad, complex field comprising number theory, applied formulas, and algorithms supporting cryptography and cryptanalysis. Since the arrival of the digital age, demand for cryptologists has increased. 

Persistent malware, hacking, and cyberattacks have made it imperative for companies, regulatory bodies, and individuals to find ways to keep their data and communication channels secure and private. Because of modern cybersecurity threats, many universities have started offering courses in cryptology to meet the demand for specialists in the field.

Becoming a cryptologist involves developing the necessary cybersecurity and maths skills, getting a computer science degree, and gaining experience. 

What is a cryptologist?

A cryptologist is someone who makes and breaks codes. You might also know that this work is called encryption and decryption research. Once you've studied cryptology and can establish a channel for secure communications, you're known as a cryptologist. In this role, you analyse and interpret data and patterns to decipher and generate encoded signals. For this reason, you'd have skills in both linguistics and mathematics.

Cryptologists have vast professional opportunities in industries ranging from electronic banking to military intelligence, governments, and private companies. All these entities use a legal database that depends on cryptology for security.

Cryptology refers to the study of encryption and decryption (creating and solving codes), whereas cryptography deals with encryption (creating codes) only. 

Cryptology salary and job outlook

According to Glassdoor, as of June 2024, cryptologists in the UK earn an average annual salary of £30,431 [1].

As a cybersecurity professional, cryptologists are in demand around the world. The Department of Science, Innovation, and Technology anticipates needing at least 11,000 cybersecurity professionals to fill open positions [2]. 

How to become a cryptologist

You should develop cryptology skills and earn a degree to become a cryptologist. Consider the following steps as you prepare for this career:

Develop cryptology skills

The skills you need for a career in cryptology include problem-solving, adaptability, and computer science. Explore the following skills that could prove helpful as you pursue a career in cryptology:

1.   Knowledge about computers

For cryptologists, an interest in and proper understanding of computer systems is vital. Algorithms use software applications that develop and distribute across a network. Start getting familiar with different computer systems by researching on your own or taking relevant courses at a university. 

2.   Mathematics

Algorithms use encoded data to secure digital information. Algorithm development can require a thorough understanding of mathematical ideas. Studying at college or university is one way to start developing your arithmetic skills. 

3.   Problem solving

Cryptologists can benefit from strong problem-solving skills, as their primary responsibility is to develop systems and software that address complex challenges. Techniques like brainstorming and analysing different options can help improve these essential problem-solving abilities. 

4.   Organisation

Developing and monitoring security systems often involve significant multitasking, making strong organisational skills essential for cryptologists. The complexity of electronic coding demands your full attention, and being well-organised helps you multitask efficiently and stay focused. You can improve your organisational skills by setting clear objectives, planning carefully, and managing time effectively.

5.   Adaptability

Technology evolves rapidly, constantly introducing new challenges and threats to information security and privacy. Cryptologists must regularly update and develop new security methods, requiring high adaptability. Embracing new experiences, learning from mistakes, and gaining insights from others can help you become more flexible and open to change.

Earn a degree

Employers often look for candidates with at least a degree in mathematics, computer science, cybersecurity, or a related field. If you already have a bachelor's degree, you might consider a master’s degree in cryptography.  Choosing an NCSC-certified degree programme can be advantageous, as it signifies its quality. For example, GCHQ puts a high emphasis on maths when learning to be a cryptologist, so a programme with plenty of maths courses may be helpful. 

Search for an internship or apprenticeship

To gain valuable experience for your CV and further your education, consider taking on an internship or apprenticeship. These provide you with valuable experience for your CV and will also help you further your education. Working with skilled cryptologists will help educate you with skills you won't learn in a classroom. An apprenticeship or paid internship comes with the extra benefit of earning money as you learn.

Next steps towards a career as a cryptologist

With constant advances in technology, cybersecurity, and cryptocurrency, the field of cryptology is new and exciting, with great career prospects and salary. 

If you’re interested in starting a career in cybersecurity, consider the Google Cybersecurity Professional Certificate on Coursera. This program aims ​​to help individuals with no previous experience find their first job in the field of cybersecurity, all at their own pace. The courses cover topics such as security models, tools you can use to access and address threats, networks, and more.