In this module, you will conceptualize governance as a social mechanism designed to provide stewardship to the collective action by the citizens. Lastly, it explains how institutionalizing the rules (of the game) and their enforcement enables collective action for public goods.

In this module, you will be introduced to deliberative participation and its guiding and regulatory principles. You will be able to understand how deliberative participation can enable collective action for collective choice in a policymaking context. The module provides an empirical framework that can be used to develop approaches to make participation more deliberative ex-ante and evaluate the deliberative quality of participation, ex-post.

In this module, you will gain an understanding of the need for representation in democratic governance through four questions, that is, represent what, represent whom, who can represent, and how should representation happen. The module concludes with a brief analysis of how the nature of representation can bear upon the effectiveness of public policy.

In this module, you will examine the rationale for multi-order democratic governance from different perspectives. You will be able to critically analyze the political economy challenges in policymaking in such a context, and how these challenges may influence policy effectiveness.

In this module, you will empirically test the supposition that democratic governance improves policy effectiveness by reducing policy gaps. Toward this, you will be intrigued to ask the research question: whether and how deliberative participation in policymaking institutions improves the provision of local public goods. Later you will find evidence in a throughput study of the local governments of India.

This module is motivated by the question: what explains the effectiveness of democratic governance? It starts with a critical analysis of popular composite measures of the quality of democratic governance. Following this, it seeks to find answers to the question, in two broad categories of determinants: Attributes of the community, and attributes of the citizens.