Big Data in Health Care: What It Is, Benefits, and Jobs

Health care is awash in valuable data. Every patient, test, scan, diagnosis, treatment plan, medical trial, prescription, and ultimate health outcome produces a data point that can help improve how care is given in the future. Typically, a large amount of data is called “big data” and it’s through this high volume data that some of the biggest possible health advances lie. But, how does big data actually get used in health care and what’s its impact? 

In this article, you’ll learn more about what big data is, how it’s used in health care, its benefits, and the jobs centered around it. At the end, you’ll also explore some online courses that can help you get started in the career today. 

What is big data in health care? 

Big data refers to large data sets consisting of both structured and unstructured data that are analyzed to find insights, trends, and patterns. Most commonly, big data is defined by the three V’s – volume, velocity, and variety – meaning that it has a high volume of data generated quickly and consisting of different data types, such as text, images, graphs, or videos [1, 2]. 

In health care, big data is generated by various sources and analyzed to guide decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and decrease health care costs, among other things. Some of the most common sources of big data in health care include electronic health records (EHR), electronic medical records (EMRs), personal health records (PHRs), and data produced by widespread digital health tools like wearable medical devices and mobile health apps.  

Big data examples in health care 

Perhaps the most common source of big data in health care is electronic health records (EHRs), which typically contain a patient’s medical history, demographic information, medications, immunizations, test results, and progress notes. While in the past this information was put down in hand-written files that were easily misplaced, difficult to share, and occasionally illegible, today EHRs allow health care professionals to easily access a patient’s pertinent medical information and provide the best possible care. 

Read more: Digital Health Explained: Why It Matters and What to Know

Pairing the big data produced by EHRs with advanced analytics techniques like machine learning, medical researchers can create predictive models with various applications, such as predicting post-surgical complications, heart failure, or substance abuse [3].

Big data analytics in health care explained

Data professionals working in health care use big data for a variety of applications, from simply improving the patient experience to creating complex machine learning models capable of diagnosing medical conditions using x-ray scans. To accomplish these feats, data professionals use analytics to effectively manage and analyze big data to produce insights, identify patterns and trends, and guide decision-making. 

The impact of big data in health care is huge, and the market has grown to match it. According to research conducted by Allied Market Research in 2019, for example, the North American market value for big data analytics in health care is projected to reach $34.16 billion by 2025, several times higher than its $9.36 billion valuation in 2017 [4]. Just as big data lays the foundation for big advances in health care, it has also drawn investment for further growth.  

Big data applications in health care

Professionals in health care use big data for a wide range of purposes – from developing insights in biomedical research to providing patients with personalized medicine. Here are just some of the ways that big data is used in health care today:

• Employing predictive analytics to create machine learning models that can predict the likelihood a patient might develop a particular disease.  

• Providing real-time alerts to medical staff by continuously monitoring patient conditions within a facility. 

• Enhancing security surrounding the processing of sensitive medical data, such as insurance claims and medical records. 

Benefits of big data in health care 

Big data has the potential to improve health care for the better. Here are some of the most common benefits of using big data in health care: 

• Better patient care: More patient data means an opportunity to better understand the patient experience and improve the care they receive. 

• Improved research: Big data gives medical researchers unprecedented access to a large volume of data and methods of collecting data. In turn, this data can drive important medical breakthroughs that save lives. 

• Smarter treatment plans: Analyzing the treatment plans that helped patients (and those that didn’t) can help researchers create even better treatment plans for future patients. 

• Reduced costs for patients and health providers: Health care can cost a lot. Big data offers the possibility of reducing the cost of obtaining and providing health care by identifying appropriate treatment plans, allocating resources intelligently, and identifying potential health issues before they occur. 

Big data analytics jobs in health care

There are many jobs that use big data analytics in health care. Here are some of the most common that you’ll likely encounter as you explore the field: 

• Health informatics specialist

• Health data engineer

• Health care data analyst 

• Health care statistician 

Work toward your new career today 

Health care has been transformed by the digital revolution and the data its produced. Prepare for your future in the field by taking a flexible, online course through Coursera today. 

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