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Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

About this Course

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The basic idea behind this MOOC, is to present recent data on fuel characterization, slagging, fouling, corrosion, and trace element transformations, in a course that can be readily provided for students and industry people.
This ensures understanding and application of the research, and provides the students and industry with a forum for discussion of the very latest research results, as well as feedback from industry to the research group at DTU, on important new research subjects in the field.

The specific aim of the MOOC, is that students will be able to;
Explain basic physical and chemical differences between solid fuels like coal, biomass, waste etc., be able to characterize solid fuels, and to interpret fuel analyses of them
Interpret and utilize data from advanced fuel and ash analyses (SEM, DTA/TGA, chemical fractionation, ash melting temperatures)
Describe chemically and physically, how critical ash-forming elements are released to the gas phase, the mechanisms for formation of aerosols and fly ash particles, and explain how ash is transported from bulk gas to heat transfer surfaces
Quantify the processes of deposit build-up, sintering and shedding
Explain the fundamentals of high-temperature corrosion in thermal fuel conversion systems
Can calculate viscosities as a function of temperature and composition, temperature profiles in a deposit, rates of deposit build-up and sintering, as well as porosity changes vs. time.

Flexible deadlines

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Earn a Certificate upon completion

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Intermediate Level

A certain, basic knowledge about inorganic chemistry, and thermal fuel conversion is recommended.

Approx. 68 hours to complete

English

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What you will learn

Explain basic physical and chemical differences between solid fuels like coal, biomass, waste etc., and interpret fuel analyses of them
Describe critical ash-forming element are release, mechanisms for formation of aerosols and fly ash particles, and ash transport
Quantify the processes of deposit build-up, sintering and shedding
Explain the fundamentals of high-temperature corrosion in thermal fuel conversion systems

Flexible deadlines

Reset deadlines in accordance to your schedule.

Shareable Certificate

Earn a Certificate upon completion

100% online

Start instantly and learn at your own schedule.

Intermediate Level

A certain, basic knowledge about inorganic chemistry, and thermal fuel conversion is recommended.

Approx. 68 hours to complete

English

Could your company benefit from training employees on in-demand skills?

Try Coursera for Business

Instructor

Instructor rating

4.59/5 (10 Ratings)

Flemming Jappe Frandsen

Associate Professor

Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering

1,794 Learners

1 Course

Offered by

Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

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Syllabus - What you will learn from this course

Week1

Week 1

30 hours to complete

Brief MOOC Introduction and Incitement for Following This

30 hours to complete

1 video (Total 10 min), 1 reading

Week2

Week 2

6 hours to complete

Fuel and Ash Chemistry and Characterization

Module 2 (Fuel and Ash Chemistry and Characterization) is subdivided into 7 lessons, dealing with fuel and ash characterization, and is meant as an introduction to different techniques, applied to characterize fuels or ash samples. Both simple techniques like proximate and ultimate analyses, but also advanced techniques like Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) analysis of ash fusion and Scanning Electron Microcospy (SEM), are introduced. There is also included an introduction to online fuel databases.

6 hours to complete

7 videos (Total 51 min), 7 readings, 7 quizzes

7 videos

Lesson 1: Quantification of Fuel Composition5mLesson 2: Biomass Characteristics7mLesson 3: Waste Characteristics8mLesson 4: Online Fuel Databases4mLesson 5: Quantification of Ash Fusibility 7mLesson 6: SEM Analysis of Fuels and Additives10mLesson 7: Viscosity Measurements6m

7 readings

Supplementary Reading on Fuel and Ash Characterization10mSupplementary Reading on Biomass Characteristics10mSupplementary Reading on Waste Characteristics10mSupplementary Reading on Fuel Databases10mSupplementary Reading on Quantification of Ash Fusibility10mSupplementary Reading SEM Analysis of Fuels and Ashes10mSupplementary Reading on Viscosity Measurements10m

7 practice exercises

Quiz on Why and How do we Quantify Fuel Composition ?30mQuiz on Biomass Characteritics30mQuiz on Waste Characteritics30mQuiz on Online Fuel Databases30mQuiz on Quantification of Ash Fusibility30mQuiz on SEM Analysis of Fuels and Ashes30mQuiz on Viscosity Measurements30m

Week3

Week 3

3 hours to complete

Release of Critical Ash-Forming Elements

This module gives an introduction to how critical ash-forming elements like K, S, and Cl, but also Na, Zn and Pb, are released from fuels, during thermal conversion.Module 3 (Release of Critical Ash-Forming Elements) deals with release of critical ash-forming elements, mainly K, S and Cl, but also Na, Zn, and Pb. The module has four lessons and deal with both fixed-bed and entrained flow release quantification. Further, there is a thorough introduction to K-release from K-Ca-P-rich ashes.

3 hours to complete

4 videos (Total 26 min), 4 readings, 4 quizzes

4 videos

Lesson 1: Fundamentals of Release during Thermal Fuel Conversion6mLesson 2: Release og K, S and Cl from Wood in Grate-Fired Systems8mLesson 3: K-Release from the System K-Ca-P5mLesson 4: Release of Inorganic Elements in PF-Systems6m

4 readings

Supplementary Reading on Fundamentals of Release During Thermal Fuel Conversion10mSupplementary Reading on K, Cl and S Release on a Grate10mSupplementary Reading on K-Release from the System K-Ca-P10mSupplementary Reading on Release in PF-Boilers10m

4 practice exercises

Quiz on Fundamentals of Release30mQuiz on Release of K, Cl and S from Biofuels on a Grate30mQuiz on K-Release from the System K-Ca-P30mQuiz on Release in PF-Boilers30m

Week4

Week 4

4 hours to complete

Formation of Fly Ash and Aerosols

As soon as the critical ash-forming elements have been released to the gas, formation of fly ash and aerosols begin, which is the subject of Module 4 (Formation of Fly Ash and Aerosols). This module is subdivided into 5 lessons, introducing both fundamental and detailed physical aspects of residual fly ash formation, as well as formation of and harmful health effects of combustion-derived aerosols. Finally, there is a thorough introduction to the pioneering Danish full.scale aerosol formation studies at Haslev respectively Slagelse CHP.

4 hours to complete

5 videos (Total 33 min), 5 readings, 5 quizzes

5 videos

Lesson 1: Fundamental Considerations of Fly Ash Formation5mLesson 2: Physical Aspects of Fly Ash Formation5mLesson 3: Why Worry About Combustion Aerosols ?6mLesson 4: Combustion Aerosols: Formation8mLesson 5: Combustion Aerosols: Danish Case Study7m

5 readings

Supplementary Reading on Fundamental of Fly Ash and Aerosol Formation10mSupplementary Reading on Physical Aspects of Fly Ash Formation10mSupplementary Reading on Aspects of Combustion Aerosols10mSupplementary Reading on Formation of Combustion Aerosols10mSupplementary Reading on Aerosol Formation at the Haslev and Slagelse CHPs 10m

5 practice exercises

Quiz on Residual Fly Ash Formation: Fundamental Considerations30mQuiz on Residual Fly Ash Formation: Physical Aspects30mQuiz on Combustion Aerosols: Why Worry ?30mQuiz on Combustion Aerosols: Formation30mQuiz on Combustion Aerosols: Danish Case Study30m

Week5

Week 5

5 hours to complete

Transport and Adhesion of Ash Particles

Next natural step in the chain of events leading to troublesome deposit formation is the transport and adhesion of ash species (gases, aerosols and particles), which is the subject of Module 5 (Transport and Adhesion of Ash Particles), thoroughly addressing both important transport mechanisms like diffusion, thermophoresis and inertial impaction, as well as mechanisms of adhesion and different criteria for sticking of ash species.

5 hours to complete

7 videos (Total 40 min), 7 readings, 7 quizzes

7 videos

Lesson 1: The Effect of Transport of Ash Species on Deposit Formation ?3mLesson 2: Deposit Shape Controlling Parameters5mLesson 3: Mechanisms of Ash Transport6mLesson 4: Adhesion of Ash Particles6mLesson 5: Quantification of Sticking Probability for Silicate-Rich Ash8mLesson 6: Quantification of Heat Transfer in Multi-Layer Deposits3mLesson 7: A Simple Procedure for Estimation of Deposit Temperature Profiles5m

7 readings

Supplementary Reading on The Effect of Transport of Ash Species on Deposit Formation10mSupplementary Reading on Deposit Shape Controlling Parameters10mSupplementary Reading on the Mechanisms of Ash Transport10mSupplementary Reading on Adhesion of Ash Particles10mSupplementary Reading on Quantification of Sticking Probability for Silicate-Rich Ash10mSupplementary Reading on Quantification of Heat Transfer in Multi-Layer Deposits10mSupplementary Reading on A Simple Procedure for Estimation of Deposit Temperature Profiles10m

7 practice exercises

Quiz on The Effect of Ash Species on Deposit Formation30mQuiz on Deposit Shape Controlling Parameters30mQuiz on Mechanisms of Ash Transport30mQuiz on Adhesion of Ash Particles30mQuiz on Quantification of Sticking Probability for Silicate-Rich Ash30mQuiz on Quantification of Heat Transfer in Multi-Layer Deposits30mQuiz on A Simple Procedure for Estimation of Deposit Surface Temperature30m

Week6

Week 6

7 hours to complete

Deposit Build-Up, Consolidation and Shedding

7 hours to complete

9 videos (Total 63 min), 9 readings, 9 quizzes

9 videos

Lesson 1: Deposit Build-Up: Fundamentals4mLesson 2: Changes in Deposits During Maturation7mLesson 3: Shedding of Deposits9mLesson 4: Shedding Measurements on Biomass-Fired Power Plants8mLesson 5: Shear Adhesion Strength Measurements6mLesson 6: Tensile Adhesion Strength Measurements 5mLesson 7: Deposit Formation in the DTU-EFR6mLesson 8: Probe Deposition Measurements: Fundamentals4mLesson 9: Probe Deposit Measurements: Practical Problems9m

9 readings

New Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10mNew Reading10m

9 practice exercises

Quiz on Deposit Build-Up: Fundamentals30mQuiz on Changes in Deposits During Maturation30mQuiz on Shedding of Deposits30mQuiz on Shedding Measurements on Biomass-Fired Power Plants30mQuiz on Shear Adhesion Strength Measurements30mQuiz on Tensile Strength Measurements30mQuiz on Deposit Formation in the DTU EFR30mQuiz on Probe Deposition Measurements: Fundamentals30mQuiz on Probe Deposition Measurements: Practical Problems to Consider30m

Week7

Week 7

3 hours to complete

High-Temperature Cl-Corrosion

One of the consequences of deposit formation is the possible chemical interaction between the deposit and the heat transfer tube, better known as corrosion, which is outlined in Module 7 (High-Temperature Cl-Corrosion), based on several years of research in this field at our Department at DTU. Aspects of corrosion underneath deposits formed in biomass- as well as waste-fired units are covered in details.

3 hours to complete

4 videos (Total 30 min), 4 readings, 4 quizzes

4 videos

Lesson 1: Importance and Significance of High-Temperature Corrosion in Boilers6mLesson 2: High-temperature Corrosion in Straw-Fired Boilers: The Nielsen Corrosion Study8mLesson 3: High-Temperature Corrosion in Biomass-Fired Boilers: The van Lith Corrosion Study7mLesson 4: High-Temperature Corrosion in Waste-Fired Boilers: The Buchardt Corrosion Study7m

4 readings

Supplementary Reading on High-Temperature Cl-Induced Corrosion10mSupplementary Reading on Corrosion in Straw-Fired Boilers I10mSupplementary Reading on Corrosion in Straw-Fired Boilers II10mSupplementary Reading on Corrosion in Waste-Fired Boilers10m

4 practice exercises

Quiz on HT Corrosion: Importance and Significance30mQuiz on Corrosion in Straw-Fired Boilers30mQuiz on Effect of Metal Temperature and Oxide Composition in Deposits30mQuiz on Corrosion in Waste-Fired Boilers30m

Week8

Week 8

5 hours to complete

Use of additives to Minimize Deposit Formation and High-Temperature Corrosion

There are a number of ways to minimize corrosion, aerosol and ash deposit formation in boilers, one of them being the use of additives to affect the chemistry in the freeboard of the boiler, thereby minimizing e.g. the concentration of Cl in the inner layers of the deposit, or, minimizing the mass loading of aerosols and thereby the environmental impact of these. This has for years been a major research activity at DTU and Module 8 (Use of additives to Minimize Deposit Formation and High-Temperature Corrosion) therefore deals with the application of additives, both the classical Al-Si- and the more sophisticated S-based additives.

5 hours to complete

7 videos (Total 37 min), 7 readings, 7 quizzes

7 videos

Lesson 1: Additives - Fundamental Aspects4mLesson 2: Introduction to Additive Physics and Chemistry5mLesson 3: S-Based Additives6mLesson 4: Al-Si Based Additives4mLesson 5: Use of Spent Bleaching Earth and Kaolin in Straw Dust-Firing3mLesson 6: Al-Si Based Additive Studies in the DTU-EFR7mLesson 7: Effect of Additives on Deposit Build-Up5m

7 readings

Supplementary Reading on the Fundamentals in Use of Additives10mSupplementary Reading on What is an Additive10mSupplementary Reading on S-Based Additives10mSupplementary Reading on Al-Si-Based Additives10mSupplementary Reading on the Use of Spent Bleaching Earth and Kaolin in Straw Dust-Firing10mSupplementary Reading on Additive Investigations in the DTU Entrained Flow Reactor10mNew Reading10m

7 practice exercises

Quiz on Additives - Fundamental Aspects30mQuiz on What is an Additive ?30mQuiz on S-Based Additives30mQuiz on Al-Si Based Additives30mQuiz on Use of Spent Bleaching Earth and Kaolin in Straw Dust-Firing30mQuiz on Al-Si Based Additive Investigations in the DTU EFR30mQuiz on Effect of Additives on Deposit Build-Up30m

Week9

Week 9

5 hours to complete

Danish Case-Studies on Ash and Deposit Formation

Finally, Module 9 (Danish Case-Studies on Ash and Deposit Formation) in this MOOC deals with Danish case studies of ash and deposit formation in utility boilers. The module covers three classical cases from dedicated straw-fired grate units: the Haslev/Slagelse, Rudkøbing and Masnedø CHPs. After this, an introduction to the MKS1 demoprogramme on co-firing of coal and straw in pc-fired units follow, this campaign marked a progressive step toward the ultimative shift from pure biomass-firing in grate units, to biodust-firing in pf-units. The last two lessons in this module covers biodust-firing at the Avedøre Power Station, with special focus on aerosol and deposit formation and chemistry, with and without the use of coal fly ash as an additive.

5 hours to complete

7 videos (Total 44 min), 7 readings, 7 quizzes

7 videos

Lesson 1: Deposit and Aerosol Formation in the Haslev and Slagelse CHPs6mLesson 2: Fly Ash and Deposit Chemistry at the Rudkøbing CHP5mLesson 3: Probe vs. Mature Deposits at the Masnedø CHP6mLesson 4: MKS1, Introduction8mLesson 5: MKS1, Deposit Formation6mLesson 6: AVV2, Aerosol Formation5mLesson 7: AVV2, Deposition Measurements5m

7 readings

Supplementary Reading on Aerosol and Deposit Measurements at the Haslev and Slagelse CHPs10mSupplementary Reading on Fly Ash and Deposit Chemistry at the Rudkøbing CHP10mSupplementary Reading on Probe vs. Mature Deposits at the Masnedø CHP10mSupplementary Reading on MKS1, Introduction and Pre-History10mSupplementary Reading on MKS1, Deposit Formation Investigation10mSupplementary Reading on Aerosol Formation Investigations at AVV10mSupplementary Reading on Deposition Measurements at AVV10m

7 practice exercises

Quiz on The Haslev and Slagelse CHP Campaings: Aerosol Formation from Straw-Firing30mQuiz on The Rudkøbing CHP Campaign: Probe Deposit Measurements on Straw-Fired Grate30mQuiz on The Masnedø CHP Campaign: Mature Deposit Formation in Straw-Fired Grate Unit30mQuiz on MKS1 Demoprogramme: Introduction and Pre-History30mQuiz on MKS1 Demoprogramme: Deposit Formation Investigation30mQuiz on The AVV2 Campaign: Aerosol Formation30mQuiz on The AVV2 Campaign: Deposition Measurements30m

Reviews

4.8

10 reviews

5 stars
84%
4 stars
16%

TOP REVIEWS FROM ASH-RELATED OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES IN ENERGY UTILIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE FUELS

by MAMar 29, 2022

Very informative and intriguing. The slides quality was phenomenal and the voice pitch was so communicative.

by EYDec 18, 2020

This course was informative, there were a lot of things I needed to review and learn more about as I am not quite familiar with various terms included in the course materials.

by KAFeb 27, 2023

What an interesting course. I enjoyed every bit of it.

Thank you Prof. Flemming

View all reviews

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Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels

Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels

About this Course

What you will learn