This module focuses on the diverse mechanical and structural components essential for hydropower projects. It begins with retaining walls and their selection criteria for hilly terrains, followed by the electrical switchyard, anchor blocks, tail race channels, and bridges over dams. The module delves into the core mechanical systems, including turbines, valves, and various hydromechanical equipment, emphasizing different types of gates and their selection. It concludes with essential maintenance equipment like trash racks and trash rack cleaning machines, providing a comprehensive view of the mechanical and structural aspects of hydropower facilities.

This module focuses on the comprehensive process of tunnel construction, beginning with essential geotechnical investigations and site surveys to determine suitability. It covers the various types of tunnel support systems and the methodologies for designing rock support, followed by an exploration of different tunneling techniques. The module further addresses critical operational aspects such as ventilation, lighting, mucking, and hauling, emphasizing the importance of safety protocols. It concludes with instrumentation and monitoring techniques for ensuring tunnel integrity and the specific procedures involved in shaft and shaft sinking operations, providing a holistic view of tunnel engineering.