Deductive arguments are supposed to be valid in the sense that the premises guarantee that the conclusion is true. In this course, you will learn how to use truth-tables and Venn diagrams to represent the information contained in the premises and conclusion of an argument so that you can determine whether or not the argument is deductively valid.
This course is part of the Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking Specialization
Offered By
Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking SpecializationDuke UniversityAbout this Course
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Course 2 of 4 in the
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Beginner Level
Approx. 13 hours to complete
English
Subtitles: Arabic, French, Portuguese (European), Chinese (Simplified), Italian, Vietnamese, Korean, German, Russian, Turkish, English, Spanish
Learner Career Outcomes
20%
got a tangible career benefit from this course
Shareable Certificate
Earn a Certificate upon completion
100% online
Start instantly and learn at your own schedule.
Course 2 of 4 in the
Flexible deadlines
Reset deadlines in accordance to your schedule.
Beginner Level
Approx. 13 hours to complete
English
Subtitles: Arabic, French, Portuguese (European), Chinese (Simplified), Italian, Vietnamese, Korean, German, Russian, Turkish, English, Spanish
Offered by
Duke University
Duke University has about 13,000 undergraduate and graduate students and a world-class faculty helping to expand the frontiers of knowledge. The university has a strong commitment to applying knowledge in service to society, both near its North Carolina campus and around the world.
Syllabus - What you will learn from this course
15 minutes to complete
Welcome to the Course
Welcome to Think Again: How to Reason Deductively! This course is the second in the specialization Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, based on our original Coursera course titled Think Again: How to Reason and Argue. We are excited that you are taking this course, and we hope that you will stick around for all four courses in the series, because there is a great deal of important material to learn.In the series as a whole, you will learn how to evaluate deductive arguments. What is it for a deductive to be “valid”? And how can you tell the difference between deductive arguments that are valid and those that aren’t? In this course, we will answer these questions. The first part of this course introduces the series and the course. It also clarifies some peculiarities you may find with this course. We encourage you to watch the "Introduction to the Specialization" video first as it will help you learn more from the materials that come later.
15 minutes to complete
1 video (Total 5 min), 1 reading
1 video
1 reading
Course Logistics (Start Here)10m
6 hours to complete
Propositional Logic and Truth Tables
<p><b>CONTENT</b>: This week we will teach you how such phrases as “and”, “or”, “if”, and “not” can work to guarantee the validity or invalidity of the deductive arguments in which they occur. It will also teach you to understand the functioning of these phrases using a device called a “truth-table”, which shows how the truth or falsity of propositions that use these phrases depends upon the truth or falsity of the propositions contained within it. We highly recommend that you practice the skills that you will learn in this week by doing the puzzles at betapuzzle.sonjara.com.</p><p><b>LEARNING OUTCOMES</b>: By the end of this week’s material you will be able to :<ul><li>define what a deductive argument is</li><li>define what it is for a deductive argument to be valid</li><li>identify truth-functional operators and connectives</li><li>build a truth-table for any truth-functional operator or connective</li></ul></p><p><b>OPTIONAL READING</b>: If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend <em>Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition</em>, Chapter 6. </p>
6 hours to complete
14 videos (Total 109 min)
14 videos
Propositions and Propositional Connectives4m
"And" and the Truth-Functional Connectives10m
Using Truth Tables to Show Validity5m
Rules Variables and Generality12m
Disjunction10m
Combining Conjunctions and Disjunctions6m
Negation and Truth Functional Operators7m
Negating Conjunctions and Disjunctions3m
Commutativity and Associativity10m
The Conditional14m
Conditionals in Ordinary Language3m
Biconditionals7m
Conclusion1m
8 practice exercises
"And" and the Truth-Functional Connectives30m
Using Truth Tables to Show Validity30m
Disjunction30m
Negation and Truth Functional Operators30m
Negating Conjuctions and Disjunctions30m
The Conditional30m
Conditionals in Ordinary Language30m
Biconditionals30m
4 hours to complete
Categorical Logic and Syllogisms
<p><b>CONTENT</b>: This week will teach you how such phrases as “all”, “some”, and “none” can work to guarantee the validity or invalidity of the deductive arguments in which they occur. It will also teach you to understand the functioning of these phrases using a device called a “Venn Diagram”, which shows how the truth or falsity of propositions that use these phrases depends upon the truth or falsity of other propositions that use these phrases. We highly recommend that you practice the skills that you will learn in this week by doing the puzzles at http://philgames-neta.apps.unc.edu</p><p><b>LEARNING OUTCOMES</b>: By the end of this week’s material you will be able to : <ul><li>understand the information conveyed by a truth-table</li><li>use truth-tables to determine whether a deductive argument is valid</li><li>identify quantifiers and categories</li><li>build a Venn Diagram for any statement using quantifiers or categories</li></ul><p><b>OPTIONAL READING</b>: If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend <em>Understanding Arguments</em>, Ninth Edition, Chapter 7. </p>
4 hours to complete
8 videos (Total 84 min)
8 videos
Categories and Quantifiers17m
How Quantifiers Modify Categories9m
Immediate Categorical Inferences10m
Syllogisms9m
Categories, Individuals, and Language4m
Venn Diagrams and Validity13m
Other Ways of Expressing A, E, I, or O Propositions7m
5 practice exercises
How Quantifiers Modify Categories30m
Immediate Categorical Inferences30m
Syllogisms30m
Categories, Individuals, and Language30m
Venn Diagrams and Validity30m
1 hour to complete
Representing Information
<p><b>CONTENT</b>: This week we will teach you how to use the tools that you’ve learned about in the preceding modules in order to represent information. Information can be communicated in very different ways – by means of different languages or signaling systems – but no matter how that information is communicated, it can be important to use that information in reasoning. In this week, you will learn how to reason from information that is communicated directly by means of truth-tables or Venn Diagrams.</p><p><b>LEARNING OUTCOMES</b>: By the end of this week's material you will be able to: <ul><li>understand the information conveyed by a Venn Diagram</li><li>use Venn Diagram to determine whether a deductive argument is valid</li></p>
1 hour to complete
2 videos (Total 27 min)
2 videos
Different Ways of Representing Information11m
1 practice exercise
Reasoning from Venn Diagrams or Truth Tables Alone30m
1 hour to complete
Catch-Up and Final Quiz
<p>This week gives you time to catch up and review, because we realize that the previous weeks include a great deal of challenging material. It will also be provide enough time to take the final quiz as often as you want, with different questions each time. </p><p>We explain the answers in each exam so that you can learn more and do better when you try the exam again. You may take the quiz as many times as you want in order to learn more and do better, with different questions each time. You will be able to retake the quiz three times every eight hours. You might not need to take more than one version of the exam if you do well enough on your first try. That is up to you. However many versions you take, we hope that all of the exams will provide additional learning experiences. </p>
1 hour to complete
1 practice exercise
Final Quiz30m
Reviews
TOP REVIEWS FROM THINK AGAIN II: HOW TO REASON DEDUCTIVELY
by MWAug 21, 2019
Compared to Think Again I, this II is more abstract and difficult. it takes more time to grasp the knowledge. and there are still things that I am confused about, despite having passed the final quiz.
by GPJul 12, 2020
The quizzes were a bit difficult because some of the items weren't discussed well in the lectures. It would be better if there were more comprehensive explanations to the answers in the quizzes
by RRJun 6, 2020
While still a very useful course, the material was less interesting to me personally than the first module. However it was still very rewarding and I enjoyed the instructor's lectures!
by TFFeb 19, 2020
Somewhat confusing at certain points. The explanations don't exactly track the exercises that follow it. However, it is overall a useful course.
About the Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking Specialization
By taking Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking you will improve your ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments by other people (including politicians, used car salesmen, and teachers) and also to construct arguments of your own in order to convince others and to help you decide what to believe or do. This specialization introduces general standards of good reasoning and offers tools to improve your critical thinking skills. These skills will help you determine when an argument is being given, what its crucial parts are, and what it assumes implicitly. You will also learn how to apply deductive and inductive standards for assessing arguments and how to detect and avoid fallacies.
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