About this course: Discover the principles of solid scientific methods in the behavioral and social sciences. Join us and learn to separate sloppy science from solid research! This course will cover the fundamental principles of science, some history and philosophy of science, research designs, measurement, sampling and ethics. The course is comparable to a university level introductory course on quantitative research methods in the social sciences, but has a strong focus on research integrity. We will use examples from sociology, political sciences, educational sciences, communication sciences and psychology.
Created by: University of Amsterdam
Taught by: Annemarie Zand Scholten, Assistant Professor
Economics and Business
| Basic Info | Course 1 of 5 in the Methods and Statistics in Social Sciences Specialization |
| Commitment | 8 weeks, 4-5 hours/week |
| Language | English, Subtitles: Chinese (Simplified) |
| How To Pass | Pass all graded assignments to complete the course. |
| User Ratings |
Syllabus
WEEK 1
Before we get started...
In this first module we'll consider the basic principles of the scientific method, its history and its philosophies. But before we start talking methods, I'll give you a broad sense of what the course is about and how it's organized. Are you new to Coursera or still deciding whether this is the course for you? Then make sure to check out the 'Introduction' and 'What to expect' section below, so you'll have the essential information you need to decide and to do well in this course! If you have any questions about the course format, deadlines or grading, you'll probably find the answers here. Are you a Coursera veteran and anxious to get started? Then you might want to skip ahead to the first course topic: the Origins of the Scientific Method. You can always check the general information later. Veterans and newbies alike: Don't forget to introduce yourself in the 'meet and greet' forum!
2 videos, 9 readings
- Reading: Hi there!
- Video: Welcome to quantitative methods!
- Reading: How to navigate this course
- Reading: How to contribute
- Reading: General info - What will I learn in this course?
- Reading: Course format - How is this course structured?
- Reading: Requirements - What resources do I need?
- Reading: Grading - How do I pass this course?
- Reading: Contact - How do I stay informed?
- Reading: Team - Who created this course?
Origins of the scientific method
Science is all about gaining knowledge, coming up with the best possible explanations of the world around us. So how do we decide which explanation is the best one? How do we make sure our explanations are accurate?
How do we determine we actually know something? In science we try to resolve these questions by using a set of principles and procedures called the scientific method. You need to know its historical and philosophical 'origin story' to really understand the scientific method and to fully appreciate how hard it is to apply the scientific method in the social and behavioral sciences!
14 videos, 9 readings, 1 practice quiz
- Reading: What makes knowledge scientific?
- Reading: What are the essential qualities of a systematic method?
- Video: 1.02 Scientific Method
- Reading: What's the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
- Video: 1.03 Scientific Claims
- Reading: Who developed the scientific method and when?
- Video: 1.04 Classical Period
- Video: 1.05 Enlightenment
- Video: 1.06 Modern Science
- Reading: What is your philosophy of science?
- Video: 1.07 Epistemology
- Reading: Do you prefer your science hard or soft?
- Video: 1.08 Ontology
- Video: 1.09 Approaches
- Video: 1.10 Goals
- Reading: Honor Code - Integrity in this course
- Practice Quiz: Origins
- Peer Review: Origins - OPTIONAL Writing Assignment (Evaluative)
- Reading: Transcripts: Origins
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Origins - Interview - Gerben Moerman (Part 1 of 4)
- Video: Origins - Interview - Gerben Moerman (Part 2 of 4)
- Video: Origins - Interview - Gerben Moerman (Part 3 of 4)
- Video: Origins - Interview - Gerben Moerman (Part 4 of 4)
WEEK 2
The Scientific Method
In the first module we discussed how the scientific method developed, general philosophical approaches and the types of knowledge science aims to find. In this second module we'll make these abstract principles and concepts a little more concrete by discussing the empirical cycle and causality in more detail. We’ll see how, and in what order these concepts are implemented when we conduct a research study. We'll also consider the main criteria for evaluating the methodological quality of a research study: Validity and reliability. The focus will be on internal validity and how internal validity can be threatened.
13 videos, 8 readings, 1 practice quiz
- Reading: What would be your 'recipe' for the scientific method?
- Reading: What will it take for you to accept a hypothesis?
- Video: 2.02 (Dis)confirmation
- Reading: What do you look for in a good research study?
- Video: 2.03 Criteria
- Reading: How do you identify what caused an effect?
- Video: 2.04 Causality
- Reading: What makes a causal explanation less likely?
- Video: 2.05 Internal Validity Threats: Participants
- Video: 2.06 Internal Validity Threats: Instruments
- Video: 2.07 Internal Validity Threats: Artificiality
- Video: 2.08 Internal Validity Threats: Research setup
- Reading: What different relations and roles can variables have?
- Video: 2.09 Variables of Interest
- Video: 2.10 Variables of Disinterest
- Practice Quiz: Informed Consent Form
- Reading: Transcripts: Scientific Method
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Scientific Method - Interview - Marjan Bakker (Part 1 of 3)
- Video: Scientific Method - Interview - Marjan Bakker (Part 2 of 3)
- Video: Scientific Method - Interview - Marjan Bakker (Part 3 of 3)
Graded: Scientific Method
Graded: Scientific Method - Writing Assignment (Creative)
WEEK 3
Research Designs
In the previous module we discussed the empirical cycle, causality and the criteria for methodological quality, focusing on threats to internal validity. In this module we'll consider the most frequently used research designs and we'll see how they address threats to internal validity. We'll look at experimental, quasi-experimental and correlational designs, as well as some other designs you should be familiar with. To understand and appreciate these designs we will discuss some general concepts such as randomization and matching in a little more detail.
15 videos, 8 readings
- Reading: What are the essential features of a true experiment?
- Reading: What are other ways of comparing?
- Video: 3.02 Factorial Designs
- Video: 3.03 Repeated Measures
- Reading: How do manipulation and control work (in the lab vs the field)?
- Video: 3.04 Manipulation
- Video: 3.05 Lab vs. Field
- Video: 3.06 Randomization
- Reading: What experimental designs can you think of?
- Video: 3.07 Experimental Designs
- Reading: What if you cannot assign randomly?
- Video: 3.08 Matching
- Video: 3.09 Quasi-Experimental Designs
- Reading: What if you can't manipulate either?
- Video: 3.10 Correlational Designs
- Video: 3.11 Other Designs
- Reading: Transcripts: Research Designs
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Research Designs - Interview - Maarten Bos (Part 1 of 4)
- Video: Research Designs - Interview - Maarten Bos (Part 2 of 4)
- Video: Research Designs - Interview - Maarten Bos (Part 3 of 4)
- Video: Research Designs - Interview - Maarten Bos (Part 4 of 4)
Graded: Research Designs
Graded: Research Designs - Writing Assignment (Evaluative)
WEEK 4
Measurement
Choosing a design is only the first step in the deduction phase (remember the empirical cycle?). The second step is deciding on specific ways to measure the variables of interest and disinterest.
This step is extremely important, because even if we are able to perform a true double-blind experiment, if our measurement and manipulation method are of poor quality, then internal validity will still be compromised!
In this module we'll look at what measurement is exactly and what the criteria for evaluating measurement are. We will also look more in-depth at self-report measures, including survey, questionnaires and tests. These methods are among the most frequently used measurement instruments in the social and behavioral sciences.
14 videos, 6 readings
- Reading: How do you measure something?
- Reading: What is measurement exactly?
- Video: 4.02 Measurement Structure
- Video: 4.03 Measurement Levels
- Video: 4.04 Variable Types
- Reading: How do you know whether you have used the right instrument?
- Video: 4.05 Measurement Validity
- Video: 4.06 Measurement Reliability
- Reading: How are measures constructed and what are their features?
- Video: 4.07 Survey, Questionnaire, Test
- Video: 4.08 Scales and Response Options
- Video: 4.09 Response and Rater Bias
- Video: 4.10 Other Measurement Types
- Reading: Transcripts: Measurement
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Measurement - Interview - Andries van der Ark (Part 1 of 4)
- Video: Measurement - Interview - Andries van der Ark (Part 2 of 4)
- Video: Measurement - Interview - Andries van der Ark (Part 3 of 4)
- Video: Measurement - Interview - Andries van der Ark (Part 4 of 4)
Graded: Measurement
Graded: Measurement - Writing Assignment (Creative)
WEEK 5
Sampling
In the previous two modules we discussed research designs and methods to measure and manipulate our variables of interest and disinterest. Before a researcher can move on to the testing phase and can actually collect data, there is just one more procedure that needs to be decided on: Sampling. Researchers need to determine who potential participants are and how they will be selected and recruited.
13 videos, 7 readings
- Reading: How are samples used for generalization?
- Video: 5.02 Sampling Concepts
- Reading: Why would you use probability sampling?
- Video: 5.03 Probability Sampling
- Video: 5.04 Probability Sampling - Simple
- Video: 5.05 Probability Sampling - Complex
- Reading: Why would you use non-probability sampling?
- Video: 5.06 Non-Probability Sampling
- Reading: To what extent does a sample reflect the population?
- Video: 5.07 Sampling Error
- Video: 5.08 Non-Sampling Error
- Reading: How large should your sample be?
- Video: 5.09 Sample Size
- Reading: Transcripts: Sampling
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Sampling - Interview - Armén Hakhverdian (Part 1 of 4)
- Video: Sampling - Interview - Armén Hakhverdian (Part 2 of 4)
- Video: Sampling - Interview - Armén Hakhverdian (Part 3 of 4)
- Video: Sampling - Interview - Armén Hakhverdian (Part 4 of 4)
Graded: Sampling
Graded: Sampling - Writing assignment (Evaluative)
WEEK 6
Practice, Ethics & Integrity
In this last content module we will focus on the part of the research process that follows data collection. The specifics of storing data and using statistics form a course topic in their own right (see the specialization courses on Basic and Inferential Statistics). For now we will focus on more general issues to do with data, interpretation and dissemination of results that relate to ethics and integrity. Some of the concepts that we discuss here will be familiar if you watched the interviews of the past modules. It might be interesting to (re-)watch these if you have the time!
13 videos, 6 readings
- Reading: How would you manage and store your data?
- Video: 6.02 Data Management
- Reading: How do we make sure participants are treated ethically?
- Video: 6.03 Unethical Studies
- Video: 6.04 Ethics Towards Participants
- Reading: How do we make sure researchers behave ethically and with integrity?
- Video: 6.05 Research Integrity
- Video: 6.06 Questionable Research Practices
- Reading: What about ethics in the publication process?
- Video: 6.07 Peer Review Process
- Video: 6.08 Dissemination Problems
- Peer Review: Practice, Ethics & Integrity - OPTIONAL Writing assignment (Evaluative)
- Video: 6.extra Milgram's Obedience Study (see OPTIONAL assignment)
- Reading: Transcripts: Practice, Ethics & Integrity
- Reading: About the interview
- Video: Interview - Practice, Ethics & Integrity - Jelte Wicherts (Part 1 of 4)
- Video: Interview - Practice, Ethics & Integrity - Jelte Wicherts (Part 2 of 4)
- Video: Interview - Practice, Ethics & Integrity - Jelte Wicherts (Part 3 of 4)
- Video: Interview - Practice, Ethics & Integrity - Jelte Wicherts (Part 4 of 4)
Graded: Practice, Ethics & Integrity
Graded: Practice, Ethics & Integrity - Writing assignment (Creative)
WEEK 7
Catch Up
In this module there's no new material to study. The only requirement in this module is that you finish up the final peer review assignment. We also advise you to take some extra time to review the material from the previous modules and to practice for the final exam. We've provided two practice exams that you can take as many times as you like. In the first one, feedback for each answer will be provided right after taking the test. We've also created some screencast videos that explain the right answers to the second practice exam in more detail.
3 videos, 1 reading, 2 practice quizzes
- Practice Quiz: Practice Exam 1 - immediate feedback
- Practice Quiz: Practice Exam 2 - feedback in screencasts
- Video: Screencast Practice Exam 2 - Questions 11-20
- Video: Screencast Practice Exam 2 - Questions 21-30
- Reading: Transcripts: All modules
Graded: Final Writing Assignment - (Evaluative)
WEEK 8
Exam Time!
This is the final module, where you can apply everything you've learned until now in the final exam. The final exam is structured exactly like the practice exam, so you know what to expect. Please note that you can only take the final exam once a month, so make sure you are fully prepared to take the test. Please follow the honor code and do not communicate or confer with others taking this exam. Good luck! Once you've taken the exam why not check out the bonus material - a series of presentations on research integrity in the social sciences, presented at a special symposium at the University of Amsterdam in 2014.
1 reading
- Reading: Bonus material - presentations on research integrity
Graded: Final Exam
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Ratings and Reviews
Really nice course for anyone who just wants to start academic research.
Great course both in the way is structured and in the contents
I had no grounding in quantitative research methods before doing this course, although I have an undergraduate humanities degree with some background in the philosophical foundations of the course (e.g. epistemology, ontology). I found that the course was pitched at a good level for me. It gave a clear, thorough overview of quantitative research. I enjoyed the simplicity of the videos and the appeal of the cartoons, but I also really appreciated the additional interviews with social scientists and the use of real academic articles in the assignments, as it allowed me a more nuanced understanding and application of the concepts. (Useful to note: I took notes as I watched the lectures, and I found it took a lot longer than the recommended time, because the lectures are very content-dense.)
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MG
I love the video presentations and the excellent examples.