Welcome to the second module of the AI for Cybersecurity course. This module consists of five lessons that explore different AI techniques and their applications in cybersecurity. It begins with an introduction to Machine Learning (ML) and its three basic types. The second lesson discusses three key cybersecurity tasks and explains how ML can be applied to address them. In the third lesson, you will follow a practical example of implementing and evaluating a malware detection system using two ML models: Decision Trees and Random Forests. The fourth lesson introduces fundamental concepts of deep learning (DL) and its applications in cybersecurity. Finally, the module concludes with an overview of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and how it can be used for cybersecurity-related tasks.

This module explores how AI techniques are applied to detect and mitigate online threats. It begins with an overview of malicious web links, explaining how they redirect users, run harmful code, and spread misinformation like fake news and phishing content. Detection methods are categorized into dynamic (e.g., sandboxing, honeypots) and static (e.g., URL analysis, blacklists, machine learning models). The module also details how URLs can be analyzed through lexical, host-based, and social media features. A special focus is given to Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs), which malware uses to create deceptive domain names. Detecting DGAs is challenging and involves either manual feature extraction or automated learning methods. Another topic of this module is detecting fake news using deep learning modules. Finally, the presentation briefly talks about clickbait detection. Real-world case studies and research-backed solutions are presented throughout. By the end, learners are equipped to recognize key cyber threats and understand the AI models used to counter them.

This final module explores the ethical challenges and legal frameworks surrounding the use of AI in cybersecurity. Key concepts such as safety vs. security, risk management, and the balance between privacy and protection will be discussed. We will introduce the AI4People framework - autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and explainability - and examine its application to real-world cyber threats. The module also covers key regulations such as the EU AI Act, NIS2, the Cyber Resilience Act, and DORA, along with ethical guidelines from ACM, IEEE, and ISSA. Finally, we'll look at future trends, including open-source collaboration, ethical hacking, and global cooperation in securing AI systems. By the end, learners will understand the ethical and regulatory landscape and be prepared for the evolving challenges of AI in cybersecurity.