Every line of Python you write has to live somewhere, and every piece of data you work with needs a type it can be trusted to follow. In this module, you'll set up a working Python environment and organize your first pieces of data so you can start writing code that actually runs.

The moment you catch yourself typing the same lines of code in three different places, you've found the exact problem functions were invented to solve. In this module, you'll write custom and built-in Python functions so your programs stay organized, reusable, and easy to read as they grow.

The moment you need to keep track of more than one piece of related information at a time, a single variable stops being enough. In this module, you'll store collections of data as lists or tuples, choosing the sequence type that matches whether that data should stay changeable or protected.

A program that does the exact same thing no matter what's happening isn't very useful for long. In this module, you'll write conditional statements that direct a program to take different actions based on whether one or more conditions are true.

Doing the same thing to every item in a list one at a time, by hand, gets old fast, and it doesn't scale past a handful of items. In this module, you'll write for loops and while loops that repeat a set of instructions across a sequence or a range of numbers.

A function that calls itself sounds like it should spiral into nonsense, but it's actually one of the cleanest ways to solve a certain kind of problem. In this module, you'll write a recursive function that solves a problem by calling itself on a simpler version of that same problem, using a base case and a recursive case.

Bundling related data and behavior together, instead of scattering variables and functions that all secretly depend on each other, changes how a program scales. In this module, you'll build classes and objects, including subclasses that inherit and override behavior from a parent class, to represent real-world things in code.

Finishing a course is the beginning of building the habit, not the end of it. In this module, you'll identify concrete next steps and resources for continuing to build your Python skills independently.