Computer Science vs. Computer Engineering: How the Jobs Differ

Key takeaways

Computer science and computer engineering share similarities but differ in their academic and practical focus.

• According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer and information technology fields like computer science and computer engineering will grow much faster than other occupations from 2024 to 2034 [1].

• While both careers relate to computers and computer information systems, computer science requires a strong mathematical background in linear algebra and statistics, while computer engineering requires a background in electrical engineering and computer hardware.

• You can begin in both these fields by building new skills, continuing skill development, and pursuing computer science-related degrees and certifications.

Explore the similarities and differences between the fields of computer science and computer engineering to get an idea about which one is right for you. If you’re ready to gain foundational knowledge in both fields to help you identify the best career path, enroll in Rice University's online program, Fundamentals of Computing Specialization. In as little as two months, you'll have the opportunity to master the basics of theoretical computer science, programming principles, and algorithmic thinking, all while earning a career certificate for your resume.

What is computer engineering vs. computer science?

If you're considering a career or degree in tech, comparing common fields of study with your own skills and interests can help narrow down your options. As you compare these fields, remember to consider key differences aside from the area of focus, such as educational requirements, job outlook, and salary potential, to gain a full picture of what your career path could look like.

What is computer science? 

Computer science is the study of technology and how it can be used to solve problems. As a computer science student, you’ll learn about hardware, software, and computer system performance, similar to a student of computer engineering. Computer science coursework can also include artificial intelligence, network architecture, and more abstract concepts like how computers are used in society. It’s a broad field with many job titles. Examples of courses you might study as a computer science major include:

• Programming

• Game design

• Web design

• Robotics

• Data analysis 

• Algorithms 

Explore the field of computer science with Princeton University through its beginner-friendly online course, Computer Science: Programming with a Purpose. You'll have the opportunity to gain foundational knowledge of key computer science skills like mathematical theory and analysis, algorithms, programming, and problem-solving, all at your own pace.

What is computer engineering, and what does a computer engineer do? 

As a computer engineer, you’ll design and build hardware for computer systems and may also design and coordinate software infrastructure. Computer engineers integrate hardware and software and work with hardware components such as memory chips and output devices. As a computer engineer, you might also work with artificial intelligence tools or speech processing software. A computer engineer’s job duties include:

• Designing computer hardware 

• Testing and analyzing computer systems

• Ensuring hardware and software work together

Skill sets: Similarities and differences

While the basic concept of working with computers and computing-based technology is standard across both computer science (CS) and computer engineering (CE), you'll find some critical differences in each field's academic and practical focus.

For starters, both CS and CE are tech-intensive fields that focus on the study of computers and computer information systems. As either a computer scientist or a computer engineer, you will need to understand both the inner workings of a computer's hardware system and the complexities of computer software. You will also need to build your skills in programming, including learning how to "speak" a variety of computing-based languages.

When it comes to differences, the most apparent contrast between computer science and computer engineering is found in how you put your computing knowledge to work each day. CS is more concerned with theory. In fact, many university computer science departments originated as subdisciplines within mathematics departments. As a result, computer scientists tend to focus more on analysis and theory surrounding computers and programming.

Essential skills for computer scientists include:

• Software development

• Information system design

• Knowledge/fluency in languages such as Java, JavaScript, and SQL

• Strong theoretical and mathematical background in linear algebra and statistics

• Technical writing skills for publishing findings

On the flip side, CE programs are developed as part of many universities' engineering schools and are often connected or bundled with electrical engineering degrees. Therefore, like other engineering fields, CE is more hands-on.

Critical skills for computer engineers include:

• Software engineering (coding, testing, program design)

• In-depth knowledge and skills in computer hardware

• Knowledge/fluency in languages such as Assembly, C++, and Perl

• Strong general mathematical background 

• Problem-solving and communication skills for working in teams

Job outlook for computer science and computer engineering roles

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that computer and information technology fields, including CS and CE, are projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations from 2024 to 2034 [1]. While the job outlook is similar, the specific jobs best suited for individuals in computer science versus computer engineering differ.

Examples of computer science jobs

Because of its more theoretical focus, jobs in the computer science industry tend to focus more on development and research. Examples of popular jobs for computer science majors include:

• Database administrator

• Data scientist

• Systems analyst

• Software developer

• Software quality assurance manager

• Web developer

• Computer programmer

• Computer support specialist

• AI research scientist

Examples of computer engineering jobs

Computer engineering combines the basic theory of computer science with elements of electrical engineering. As a result, many computer engineering majors find work in hardware and software design and application. Popular job titles for computer engineering majors include:

• Computer architect

• Circuit designer

• Communications engineer

• Network systems engineer

• Network architect

• Systems programmer

• Systems architect

• Systems engineer

• Hardware engineer

• Game developer

• Forensic computer analyst

• Computer research scientist

Who gets paid more, computer science or computer engineering?

The computing and information technology sector is rapidly growing; therefore, the salary range for both computer science and computer engineering jobs is competitive and above average. According to the BLS, the median US salary for computing and mathematical fields such as CS and CE is $105,850 [2]. Additionally, the median salaries for the following CS and CE-related jobs [1]:

• Computer network architects: $130,390

• Computer systems analysts: $103,790

• Database administrators and architects: $123,100

• Network and computer systems administrators: $96,800

• Software developers, quality assurance analysts, and testers: $131,450

• Web developers and digital designers: $95,380

Read more: Computer Science Salary: A Guide

How to start or advance a career in computer science or engineering

Whether you already work in computer science or computer engineering or want to enter these fields, there are things you can do to advance your career. Since computer systems and programs are ever-changing, building new skills, completing regular training, and earning various certifications in computer-based fields can help you stand out as a job candidate. You can also use these new skills and knowledge to negotiate a higher salary.

Build new skills. 

While computer science and computer engineering professionals use their knowledge and skills differently, one critical similarity is the need to renew and refresh that knowledge constantly. Building new skills as a computer scientist or computer engineer can mean anything from taking a course in a new programming language to updating your knowledge on specific fields such as web design or cybersecurity. You can also build your skills in various settings by completing in-house training at work or taking an online course such as Python Data Structures. 

Pursue certifications or degrees. 

If you are looking for a more comprehensive way to increase your opportunities as a computer scientist or computer engineer, consider pursuing certification or a degree in either field. Build skills and more in-depth knowledge that can lead to a higher-paying job in the future with a computer-related certification, bachelor's, or master's degree.

Resources to keep you on track

Want to keep the momentum going? Get the latest insights into in-demand skills and trending careers in your industry by subscribing to our LinkedIn newsletter, Career Chat! Or if you want to keep exploring careers and skills in the field of computer science, check out these free resources:

• Test your computer science skills: Python Skill Assessment 

• Watch on YouTube: What Can You Do with a Computer Science Degree? 

• Hear from a fellow learner: Meet the Software Engineer Looking to Be a More Competitive Job Candidate 

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