In this module, we will focus on what we have introduced as “external” measures. We will point out some of the (inaccurate) assumptions that are made regarding external measures of “load” and “effort”. In addition, we will outline how the continuous use of wearable devices has led to new opportunities for quantifying effort as well as (in theory) reducing injury and improving performance. We will finish by describing the “acute to chronic workload” and the reasons it has gained a lot of attention in the past several years.

In this module, we will dive more into the physiology of training and recovery, focusing on what we have introduced as “internal” measures. We will further explore the use of internal sensors to provide a glimpse of how the individual athlete is responding to the stress induced by training and/or competition. We will also highlight the pros and cons of using internal measures to evaluate individual and team training and recovery.

In this module, we combine external and internal measures to provide a much more nuanced look at training and recovery. The external measures can provide a highly quantified evaluation of the movements and motions that have taken place, while the internal measures provide feedback about how the athlete is tolerating the training. Combining them can be instrumental for evaluating performance improvements and preventing or reducing overuse injuries.

In this module, we will discuss the exciting new global metrics that have been developed and/or used by many of the consumer devices that are available today. Although these new metrics are exciting, we want to be cognizant of the limitations of these devices. Therefore, we will discuss what sensors are actually employed to provide these new metrics and highlight where validation is feasible.