What Is Computer Science? Career Paths and Degree Options

Key takeaways

Computer science is the study of computer hardware, software, and systems to solve real-world problems.

• Computer and information technology occupations are expected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations [1].

• Professionals in this field often pursue a degree, earn certifications, and enroll in relevant courses to build career-related skills.

• You can use computer science skills to work in roles like software developer, AI engineer, information security analyst, and more.

Learn more about the field of computer science, how industries across the world use it, and the jobs you might qualify for with a background in computer science. If you’re ready to get started, consider enrolling in the Microsoft R Programming for Everyone Professional Certificate. In as little as four months, you can conduct and interpret basic and advanced statistical analyses and create professional-grade data visualizations and reports in R. By the end, you’ll have a shareable certificate to add to your professional profile.

What is computer science?

Computer science is an interdisciplinary field that studies computational systems and how they can solve problems in the real world. It focuses as much on the theoretical underpinnings of computer science as it does on the actual use and creation of hardware and software systems. Examples of focus areas under these two umbrellas include designing and programming computing systems and software, and researching and testing algorithms, information, and automation theories.

Examples of computer science industry applications

There are countless ways that computer science is used in the professional world today. For example, one of the most significant advances in computer science is artificial intelligence (AI), which leverages algorithms and computing systems to enable machines to perform complex tasks that traditionally only humans could perform. AI is being used in more industries than ever before, including marketing, automotive, retail, entertainment, and health care.

Here are some additional ways that computer science technology is used worldwide:

• Artificial intelligence (AI): Utilized in marketing, automotive, retail, entertainment, and health care to perform complex tasks

• Manufacturing: Development of 3D printers for medical, dental, and architectural applications 

• Robotics: Used in the medical and automotive industries to perform tasks that are dangerous for humans

• Computer vision and natural language processing (NLP): Enables face recognition in phones and commands for digital assistants; used in self-driving cars and law enforcement

Strong growth expected in the computer science industry

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer and information technology occupations are projected to grow much faster than the average for all occupations [1].

What are common computer science jobs?

Commonly pursued fields in computer science that you may be familiar with include UI/UX development, web development, and mobile application development. Here are some job titles to consider if you’re interested in learning more about computer science career paths:

• Software developer: As a software developer, your job will be to design computer applications. Similar job titles include computer programmer and software engineer, all of which write code for software programs and applications and test them for functionality.

• AI engineer: Artificial intelligence engineers use AI and machine learning techniques to develop applications and systems that solve problems.

• Information security analyst: This position requires you to ensure computer network security.

• Computer science teacher: If you love to teach others about computer science, you can earn a teaching certification and work in secondary education.

• Technical project manager: A technical project manager leads a team of computer professionals through projects throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC), or from conception to completion.

• Hardware engineering: If you’re interested in designing computer parts, you may want to pursue a career in hardware design or engineering, for example, mechanical engineering.

• Video game designer/developer: If you enjoy working with a team of creative people, you may be interested in a career as a video game designer. Your role will be to design games for computers, consoles, and other electronic devices.

• Network systems administration: In this role, you’ll oversee the day-to-day operation of computer networks.

What do computer scientists earn?

The salary you can earn as a computer scientist depends on the industry. According to the US BLS, the annual median wage for computer and information technology occupations is $105,990 as of May 2024 [1].

• Computer and information research scientist: Median annual pay of $140,910 [1]

• Computer network architect: Median annual pay of $130,390 [1]

• Network and computer systems administrator: Median annual pay of $96,800 [1]

• Computer support specialist: Median annual pay of $61,550 [1]

What skills do I need to become a computer scientist?

A computer scientist should have a strong command of mathematical formulas and good analytical skills. Many positions require teamwork, so you’ll want to be comfortable working with others. You may work under tight deadlines, so time management skills are essential.

A position in computer science requires good programming skills and knowledge of software development and coding languages. Python, Java, and JavaScript are among the essential languages to know.

What is a computer science degree? Building a career

Many careers in computer science require an associate or bachelor’s degree, so you may want to begin building your resume with a solid educational foundation. You’ll benefit from science, math, and technology classes as a high school student. Typically, you can expect a bachelor’s degree in computer science to take four years. Your first two years are spent taking general education coursework, and then you must select your specialization.

The area of computing that most interests you will determine your course of study and the electives you’ll need to complete. Whether your goal is to work as a computer programmer or your interest is in systems analysis, a degree in computer science will provide you with the foundation needed to enter the workforce. Many schools offer internships so you can gain hands-on experience and begin building your resume.

What can I do with a degree in computer science?

A degree in computer science can lead to a career as a system programmer, software developer, web developer, network administrator, software tester, product manager, and engineering manager, among other professions. You can also find work as a data scientist, or you may want to teach computer science at a higher education level.

Computer science certifications 

Certification programs are available in many areas of computer science. You can find programs for IT security, cloud computing, and help desk assistance. Certification programs are also available should you specialize in an area you didn’t cover in your degree program or pursue a role that doesn’t require a degree. Completing a certification program can increase your earning potential and help to build your resume. 

You may want to take one of Microsoft’s certifications, beginning with their entry-level Technology Associate program. Cisco and Oracle also offer certification programs for computer science professionals.

Read more: 10 Essential IT Certifications

Certificate programs

Certificate programs can help you stay on top of your career by learning about the latest technology from the organizations that create it. They may also help you transition into a role that isn’t directly related to your background.

Explore emerging topics with our free resources

Whether you’re considering a certificate or a degree, subscribe to our LinkedIn newsletter, Career Chat, to stay current on trending topics in various fields. You can also explore these free resources to learn more about emerging tech topics:

• Watch on YouTube: What Can You Do with a Computer Science Degree? 

• Hear from peers: Meet the 18-Year-Old Getting His Master’s Degree in Data Science

• Learn from experts: AI Creativity Unleashed: Expert Insights from Vanderbilt’s Dr. Jules White 

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