Compilers are programs that convert high-level, human-readable source code written in a programming language such as C++ into machine-readable object code that can be executed by a computer. In the process of compiling, the source code is checked for syntax errors, improper variable and function calls, linker errors, and other common debugging issues, which can then be identified and fixed before compiling or “building” again. Understanding how compilers work and when to compile a program is an important fundamental skill for software development.

C programming and the use of other compiled languages requires a different process compared to interpreted languages such as Python or JavaScript, which read, translate, and execute code line by line. Interpreted languages offer greater speed and flexibility in the software development process, since programmers don’t have to compile the entire source code every time before testing. However, because compiled languages deliver native machine code that doesn’t have to be translated at run time, these programs typically offer faster execution.

A background in working with compiled programming languages such as C++ is essential for pursuing a career in software development. Interpreted languages that don’t rely on compilers such as Python and Ruby are becoming more popular, especially with the advent of “just-in-time” compilation techniques that can improve their execution speed. However, tried-and-true compiled languages remain essential for many applications due to their faster runtimes and more reliable debugging processes.

It’s no surprise that software developers are in demand these days, and working in this field means a wide range of exciting and high-paying work opportunities. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, software developers earned a median annual salary of $107,510 in 2019, and these jobs are projected to grow by 22% between 2019 and 2029 - much faster than the national average for all occupations.

Yes! Coursera offers an incredible variety of learning opportunities in computer science, including courses as well as Specializations in C programming and other languages that rely on compilers. You can learn from top-ranked schools like Duke University, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and University of California Santa Cruz while paying a significantly lower tuition than on-campus students. And, because you can view and complete course materials on a flexible schedule, learning about compilers through Coursera can be a great fit for students as well as mid-career professionals looking to build new skills in computer programming.